Perceptual Errors

Question 1

Vestibular Illusions Occurs because….

Answer 1

Vestibular system assumed 1G acting vertically downwards
Only detect initial rotational movement
Below a specific threshold will not be stimulated
Insufficient info to correct minds interpretation from vestibular

Question 2

Somatogravic Illusion

Answer 2

Acceleration = Illusion of climbing
Deceleration = illusion of pitching down

Otoliths in urticles//saccules give illusion of climbing

Question 3

Somatogryal illusion is

Answer 3

Illusion of being stationery when body is rotating slowly
Sense of rotating when body is stationery

Semicircular canals work effectively at detecting initial rotation but prolonged exposure there is no movement on the hair sensors

Question 4

What is the leans - Somatogryal Illusion

Answer 4

The sensation of turning in the opposite direction that occurs whenever body is exposed to angular deaceleration from a point of angular acceleration

Hairs become deflected from long exposure and turning back level will be interpreted as a turn

Question 5

Coriolis Illusion

Answer 5

Making abrupt head movement in a prolonged turn creating illusion of rotating or movement in different axis

Disorientation causing pilot to change direction or altitude in attempt to stop rotation

Don’t move your head so much in prolonged turns

Question 6

Vertigo what is it/what causes it

Answer 6

Sensation of rotating/tumbling or turning when body is stationery

Blocked Eustachian tube
Inner eat infection
Drugs
Sudden pressure changes in inner ear

Question 7

Spatial Disorientation causes/preventions

Answer 7

False perception of orientation of a/c
Brain received conflicting info and pilot does not believe instruments

VMC
- Look at the horizon

IMC
- Establish and maintain cross check of instruments and scan with minimal head movements

Question 8

Proprioception Illusion

Answer 8

Accelerating upside down at 2g is felt as 1G on your muscles

Question 9

Autokinetic Illusion

Answer 9

Lack of frame of reference a point of light appears to move in darkness

Confuse aircraft’s for stars etc

Shift gaze to prevent

Question 10

Reduces Visibility makes the runaway appear…

Answer 10

Further away

Question 11

A up-sloping runaway gives the illusion that the approach is….

Answer 11

High on the approach
Pitching down therefore shallow overshoot

Question 12

A downsloping runway gives the illusion of being

Answer 12

Too low

Result:
Pitch up
Overshoot/too high

Question 13

Narrow Runway Illusion

Answer 13

Appear to high

Results:
Increased descent/shallow approach

Question 14

Wide runway

Answer 14

Too low

Result:
Decrease descent/overshoot

Question 15

Black Hole Effect

Answer 15

Occurs at night
Lack of visual references on approach
Lights appear to bright
Makes you feel your are closer and high

Question 16

Runway lights appear dim - Illusion

Answer 16

Appear too far and shallow

Question 17

Mental Model Is

Answer 17

Brain constructs a mental model on past experiences and learning
- brain is reluctant to reconsider once formed

Question 18

Mental Model of the world is based on our….

Answer 18

Experiences and learning

Question 19

Dangers of a mental model

Answer 19

We seek information to confirm it

Question 20

What is our most reliable sensor

Answer 20

Vision

Question 21

Symptoms of motion sickness

Answer 21

Nausea
Salivation
Hyperventilation
Apathy
Pallor
Cold sweats

Question 22

Size constancy error

Answer 22

Illusion of obtaining greater height - flying over tall trees and then flying over smaller ones illusion of them being the same therefore thinking aircraft has climbed