hip, buttock and thigh

Question 1

2 functions of anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 1

hip flexors, knee extensors

Question 2

5 muscles in anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 2

pectineus (flexor and abduction of hip; pubic bone to lateral thigh), ilio-psoas (pelvis; attaches to lesser trachanter of femur; formed by psoas major and iliacus which pass underneath inguinal ligament), (tensor fascia lata), sartotius (inferior and medial, crossing knee joint to attach to medial shaft of tibia; flex knee and abduct thigh), quadriceps femoris (flex knee)

Question 3

4 muscle heads of quadriceps femoris

Answer 3

rectus femoris (only one to attach across hip joint), vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis; form ligament which patellar is embedded in (patellar ligament) to anterior tuberosity of tibia

Question 4

function of medial compartment of thigh

Answer 4

hip adduction

Question 5

5 muscles in medial compartment of thigh

Answer 5

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (broad attachment along posterior shaft of femur, and then short attachment at adductor tubercle, creating adductor magnus hiatus, used for femoral artery and vein passing from anterior to posterior of knee, before becoming popliteal artery and vein), gracilis, obturator externus; attachments on posterior shaft of femur

Question 6

2 functions of posterior compartment of thigh (commonly known as hamstrings)

Answer 6

knee flexion, hip extension (except short head of biceps femoris)

Question 7

3 muscles of posterior compartment of thigh

Answer 7

semimembranosus (flatter strap; stay relatively medial across knee to medial tibia), semitendinosus (rope-like tendon; stay relatively medial across knee to medial tibia), biceps femoris (attach to head of fibula); all come off ischial tuberosity, except biceps femoris, whose short head comes off posterior shaft of femur

Question 8

what is the femoral triangle (anterior upper part of thigh) outlined by superiorly, medially and laterally

Answer 8

superiorly: inguinal ligament, medially: lateral edge of adductor longus (medial compartment), laterally: medial edge of sartorius (anterior compartment)

Question 9

contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial (NAV Y-pants)

Answer 9

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

Question 10

what does the femoral sheath enclose

Answer 10

femoral artery and vein (not nerve)

Question 11

what does a portion of the femoral sheath form medially

Answer 11

femoral canal

Question 12

where does the adductor (Hunter’s) canal extend from

Answer 12

extends on medial aspect of thigh from apex of femoral triangle, then travels down underneath sartorius

Question 13

what does the adductor canal transmit

Answer 13

superficial femoral artery and vein, and saphenous nerve

Question 14

what forms the adductor canal anteriorly, posteriorly and medially

Answer 14

anteriorly: vastus medialis, posteriorly: adductor longus and magnus, medially: sartorius

Question 15

main artery supplying region

Answer 15

external iliac artery

Question 16

where does iliac artery pass from and under

Answer 16

passes from pelvis beneath inguinal ligament

Question 17

what does external iliac proceed as out of the pelvis

Answer 17

femoral artery

Question 18

where does the femoral artery lie at the level of the inguinal ligament, and clinical significance

Answer 18

at mid-inguinal point (half-way between ASIS and pubic symphysis), where it is easily palpable

Question 19

at the mid-inguinal point, what structure is lateral to the femoral artery

Answer 19

femoral nerve

Question 20

at the mid-inguinal point, what structure is medial to the femoral artery

Answer 20

femoral vein

Question 21

what is the main branch of the femoral artery to the thigh

Answer 21

profunda femoris artery

Question 22

what do the femoral artery and profunda femoris branch give off immediately, and what does it supply

Answer 22

circumflex vessels, which supply hip joint

Question 23

what does the femoral artery proceed as after giving off the profundus femoris artery

Answer 23

superficial femoral artery

Question 24

what does the superficial femoral artery become at the level of the knee, after passing through the hiatus of adductor magnus

Answer 24

popliteal artery

Question 25

main superficial vein in thigh

Answer 25

long (great) saphenous vein

Question 26

where does the long saphenous vein run from to join the deep system

Answer 26

medial border of foot -> passes knee on its medial aspect -> passes up medial aspect of thigh to join the deep system

Question 27

where does the long saphenous vein join the deep system

Answer 27

at the sapheno-femoral junction

Question 28

where does the long saphenous vein join the deep system having pierced the fascia of the thigh

Answer 28

femoral triangle

Question 29

what does the valve at the sapheno-femoral junction do

Answer 29

prevents blood passing from deep to superficial system

Question 30

in what condition is valve at sapheno-femoral junction often faulty or incompetent

Answer 30

varicose veins

Question 31

what do the deep veins of the thigh flow into, and where

Answer 31

popliteal vein at level of knee

Question 32

what does the popliteal vein run alongside, and what does it form

Answer 32

runs alongside popliteal and femoral arteries to form femoral vein

Question 33

in the groin, where does the femoral vein lie in relation to the femoral artery

Answer 33

medial

Question 34

what does the femoral vein pass under to form the external iliac vein

Answer 34

inguinal ligament

Question 35

where does the femoral vein receive the long saphenous vein at

Answer 35

sapheno-femoral junction

Question 36

what does the femoral vein receive proximally to receiving the long saphenous vein

Answer 36

venae comitantes of profunda femoris artery

Question 37

what does lymph flow with

Answer 37

superficial and deep venous systems

Question 38

what does the superficial lymph system run with

Answer 38

long and short saphenous veins

Question 39

location of lymph nodes of superficial lymph system, and name

Answer 39

in groin, called superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 40

what do the inguinal lymph nodes drain into

Answer 40

deep inguinal lymph nodes and external iliac lymph nodes

Question 41

what does the deep system of lymphatic drainage drain alongside, and where does it drain to

Answer 41

deep veins to deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 42

what do the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into

Answer 42

external iliac lymph nodes

Question 43

what spinal levels are knee extensors in general supplied by

Answer 43

L3,4

Question 44

what spinal levels are knee flexors in general supplied by

Answer 44

L5, S1

Question 45

what is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 45

femoral nerve

Question 46

what is the femoral nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh derived from

Answer 46

posterior divisions of the lumbar plexus (L2,3,4)

Question 47

what is the nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 47

obturator nerve

Question 48

what is the obturator nerve supplying the medial compartment of the thigh derived from

Answer 48

anterior divisions of the lumbar plexus (L2,3,4)

Question 49

what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the thigh (and all muscles of legs and foot))

Answer 49

sciatic nerve

Question 50

what is the sciatic nerve supplying the posterior compartment of the thigh derived from

Answer 50

lumbo-sacral plexus (L3,4,5 S1,2)

Question 51

what are the nerves of the gluteal compartment

Answer 51

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

Question 52

where is the superior gluteal nerve derived from

Answer 52

L4,5 S1

Question 53

where is the inferior gluteal nerve derived from

Answer 53

L5 S1,2

Question 54

what does the superior gluteal nerve supply

Answer 54

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 55

what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply

Answer 55

gluteus maximus

Question 56

what is the dermatomal supply of the anterior area of the thigh (L3 to the knee, L4 to the floor)

Answer 56

T12, L1,2,3

Question 57

what is the dermatomal supply of the posterior area of the thigh

Answer 57

S1,2,3

Question 58

what is the dermatomal supply of the buttock

Answer 58

S2-4

Question 59

what plexus supplies the sensory peripheral supply to the buttock and thigh

Answer 59

lumbo-sacral plexus

Question 60

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at T12

Answer 60

subcostal nerve

Question 61

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L1

Answer 61

ilio-hypogastric nerve, ilio-inguinal nerve

Question 62

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L1 and L2

Answer 62

genito-femoral nerve

Question 63

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L2 and L3

Answer 63

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 64

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L2, L3 and L4

Answer 64

sensory branches of femoral nerve, sensory branches of obturator nerve

Question 65

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at S2 and S3

Answer 65

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 66

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L2,3,4

Answer 66

saphenous nerve (terminal branch of femoral nerve)

Question 67

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L1-S3

Answer 67

buttock nerves derived from sacral plexus

Question 68

femur bone type

Answer 68

long

Question 69

what is femur hemispherical head covered with

Answer 69

hyelin cartilage

Question 70

patellar bone type

Answer 70

sesamoid

Question 71

most commonn fracture of femur

Answer 71

fracture of femoral neck

Question 72

other common fracture of femur

Answer 72

intertrochanteric fracture