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Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs > knee, leg, ankle and foot > Flashcards

knee, leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

leg: describe the organisation of the neuromuscular compartments of the leg, and describe their innervation and function; demonstrate the paths of the main blood vessels and nerves of the region

1
Q

5 bones in region

A

femur, tibia, fibula, patella, bones of foot

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2
Q

4 muscle groups in region

A

anterior compartment of leg, lateral compartment of leg, posterior compartment of leg, foot

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3
Q

function of muscles in anterior compartment of leg

A

ankle dorsiflexors

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4
Q

3 ankle dorsiflexor muscles in anterior compartment of leg

A

tibialis anterior (most superficial, acting across ankle joint attaching on medial side of tarsals), extensor digitorum longus (acting on 4 digits except large toe), extensor hallucis longus (acts on large toe); peroneus tertius also in anterior compartment but not associated with this movement

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5
Q

nerve suppy of anterior compartment of leg

A

deep peroneal nerve

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6
Q

artery running within anterior compartment of leg

A

anterior tibial artery

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7
Q

function of muscles in lateral compartment of leg

A

ankle evertors

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8
Q

2 ankle evertors (sole faces laterally) in lateral compartment of leg (can contribute to dorsiflexion)

A

peroneus longus (strong as cross foot, attaching to opposite side), peroneus brevis (both attached to fibula and tibia; go behind lateral malleolus)

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9
Q

nerve supply of lateral compartment of leg

A

superficial peroneal nerve

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10
Q

artery running within lateral compartment of leg

A

peroneal artery

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11
Q

function of muscles in posterior compartment of leg

A

ankle plantarflexors

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12
Q

3 superficial muscles in posterior compartment of leg

A

gastrocnemius, soleus (both these two called “triceps surae”, as 2 headed gastrocnemius attaching across knee joint; soleus attaches to both tibia and fibula; distal tendon of triceps surae is tendocalcaneus - Achilles - tendon), plantaris

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13
Q

4 deep muscles in posterior compartment of leg

A

popliteus (associated with knee; attaches posteriorly to femur and posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, to posterior upper shaft of tibia), flexor digitorum longus (distal phalanges), flexor hallucis longus (distal phalanges), tibialis posterior (tarsal); tendons go behind median malleolus

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14
Q

nerve supply of posterior compartment of leg

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

artery running within posterior compartment of leg

A

tibial artery

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16
Q

pathway of superficial femoral artery

A

runs through adductor hiatus in thigh -> winds around to back of knee to become popliteal artery

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17
Q

3 divisions of popliteal artery at popliteal trifurcation just distal to knee joint

A

posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery, peroneal artery

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18
Q

pathway of posterior tibial artery

A

popliteal artery -> runs in posterior compartment of leg -> passes behind medial malleolus (similar to styloid process, forming trough)

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19
Q

pathway of anterior tibial artery

A

popliteal arttery -> runs in anterior compartment of leg (pierces interosseus membrane) -> passes over front of ankle -> forms dorsalis pedis artery

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20
Q

pathway of peroneal artery

A

runs in lateral compartment of leg

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21
Q

what does dorsalis pedis artery supply

A

main artery to toes of foot

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22
Q

what does posterior tibial artery supply, and via what 2 arteries

A

sole of foot via medial and lateral plantar arteries

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23
Q

superficial venous drainage on dorsum of foot

A

dorsal venous arch

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24
Q

what vein runs superficially from medial aspect of dorsal venous arch

A

long saphenous vein

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25
Q

where does the long saphenous vein lie

A

lies 2cm above and 2cm to medial malleolus

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26
Q

pathway of long saphenous vein

A

runs up medial aspect of leg -> behind knee -> drains into femoral vein in groin at sapheno-femoral junction

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27
Q

what does the long saphenous vein anastasmose with in the leg

A

short saphenous vein

28
Q

how does the long saphenous vein connect with deep veins of calf

A

perforating veins, with valves

29
Q

where does the short saphenous vein run from

A

lateral aspect of dorsal venous arch of foot

30
Q

short saphenous vein pathway

A

runs posterior to lateral malleolus -> up back of calf -> joins deep venous system in popliteal fossa -> drain into popliteal vein

31
Q

4 veins of deep system

A

dorsal digital veins, posterior tibial veins, popliteal vein, perforating veins

32
Q

function of perforating veins

A

blood passes from superficial to deep systems

33
Q

what does the deep system form to pump blood back towards heart

A

powerful “muscle pump”, where muscles of calf pump blood back towards heart

34
Q

what does lymph flow with

A

superficial and deep venous systems

35
Q

what lymph nodes are present in popliteal fossa

A

superficial and deep popliteal lymph nodes

36
Q

what spinal segments cause knee extension

A

L3,4

37
Q

what spinal segments cause knee flexion

A

L5,S1

38
Q

what spinal segments cause ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4,5

39
Q

what spinal segments cause ankle plantarflexion

A

S1,2

40
Q

what spinal segments supply sensory innervation to knee and foot

A

L3 to knee, L4 to floor

41
Q

what spinal segment supplies sensory innervation to dorsum of great toe

A

L5

42
Q

what spinal segment supplies sensory innervation to lateral side of foot

A

S1

43
Q

what spinal segment supplies sensory innervation to sole of foot

A

S1

44
Q

what nerve gives peripheral motor supply to posterior compartment of thigh, and divides inconstantly (above popliteal fossa)

A

sciatic nerve “proper”

45
Q

what does the sciatic nerve divide into

A

tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve

46
Q

what does the tibial nerve give motor supply to

A

all muscles of posterior compartment of leg

47
Q

what does the tibial nerve divide into after passing behind medial malleolus

A

medial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve

48
Q

what do the plantar nerves give motor supply to

A

all intrinsic muscles of foot except extensor digitorum brevis

49
Q

where might the common peroneal nerve be easily damaged

A

as it winds around neck of fibula

50
Q

what does the common peroneal nerve give motor supply to

A

anterior and lateral compartments of leg

51
Q

what does the common peroneal nerve divide into

A

deep and superficial peroneal nerves

52
Q

what does the deep peroneal nerve give motor supply to

A

anterior compartment

53
Q

what does the superficial peroneal nerve give motor supply to

A

lateral compartment

54
Q

what nerve supplies peripheral sensation of thigh, and what spinal levels

A

sensory branches of femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

55
Q

what nerve does the femoral nerve give off

A

saphenous nerve

56
Q

what does the saphenous nerve give peripheral sensation to

A

strip of skin along inner border of leg and ankle

57
Q

what does the saphenous nerve accompany

A

long saphenous vein

58
Q

what nerve does the tibial nerve give off in the popliteal fossa

A

sural nerve (media sural cutaneous from tibial and sural communicating branch from common peroneal merge to form sural nerve): used in nerve repair

59
Q

what does the sural nerve give peripheral sensation to

A

lateral aspect of leg and foot

60
Q

what does the sural nerve accompany

A

short saphenous vein

61
Q

what does the superficial peroneal nerve give peripheral sensation to

A

most of dorsum of foot

62
Q

what does the deep peroneal nerve give peripheral sensation to

A

patch of skin on dorsum of foot at base of great and second toes

63
Q

what do the medial and lateral plantar nerves give peripheral sensation to

A

sole of foot

64
Q

tibia and fibula

A

tibia is larger (more substantial) and medial; interosseous membrane between the 2

65
Q

gait cycle

A

heel strike -> loading response -> midstance -> terminal stance -> preswing -> initial and midswing -> terminal swing

66
Q

what does femoral nerve supply

A

knee extensors in anterior compartment of thigh: tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis)

Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs (25 decks)

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