knee, leg, ankle and foot

Question 1

name of diamond shaped fossa at back of knee

Answer 1

popliteal fossa (can feel puls here)

Question 2

what forms popliteal fossa superolaterally

Answer 2

biceps femoris

Question 3

what forms popliteal fossa superomedially

Answer 3

semimembranosus

Question 4

what forms popliteal fossa inferolaterally

Answer 4

lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 5

what forms popliteal fossa inferomedially

Answer 5

medial head of gastrocnemius

Question 6

what forms popliteal fossa posteriorly

Answer 6

skin and fascia

Question 7

what forms popliteal fossa anteriorly

Answer 7

femur

Question 8

5 contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 8

popliteal artery (can feel pulse), popliteal vein, tibial and common peroneal nerves (bifurcation of sciatic nerve occurs just above popliteal fossa), short saphenous vein, popliteal lymph nodes

Question 9

knee joint type

Answer 9

hinge synovial joint (unstable bone formation, but ligaments and muscles give stability)

Question 10

location of knee joint

Answer 10

between femur (coming in at angle from lateral to medial) and tibia (lateral and medial femerotibial articulations, and involves patella (supracondylar region of medial femur)

Question 11

4 ligaments of knee

Answer 11

anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate (both cross over: anterior attaches anteriorly of tibia and goes back to attach to posterior of femur; posterior attaches posteriorly of tibia and comes forward to attach to anterior femur), medial collateral (most common to get damaged; attaches to medial meniscus), lateral collateral (very strong, so head of fibula comes away from neck, rather than tendon breaks)

Question 12

2 menisci of knee (on surface of condyles of tibia (C-shaped) - often damaged)

Answer 12

medial meniscus, lateral meniscus

Question 13

5 extensor mechanisms of knee

Answer 13

quadriceps, quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon, tibial tuberosity

Question 14

3 bursae around knee joint

Answer 14

pre-patellar bursa, pre-patellar tendon bursa, popliteal bursa (Baker’s cyst); if inflamed it is very painful (bursitis)

Question 15

2 tibio-fibular joints

Answer 15

proximal (plane type synovial) and distal (fibrou; small amounts of movement in both joints during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of foot)

Question 16

what bone doesn’t contribute to the knee joint

Answer 16

fibula (contacts fibular articular facet of tibia)

Question 17

tibial plateau

Answer 17

medial and a lateral weightbearing portion at proximal tibia, and an intercondylar eminence

Question 18

tibial tuberosity attachment

Answer 18

patellar tendon

Question 19

knee extensor compartment and muscles

Answer 19

in anterior compartment of thigh: tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis)

Question 20

hip adductor in medial compartment of thigh acting across knee joint

Answer 20

gracilis

Question 21

knee flexor compartment and muscles

Answer 21

posterior compartment of thigh: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Question 22

nerve which forms from contribution of tibial and common peroneal nerve, distal to popliteal fossa

Answer 22

sural nerve

Question 23

movement of knee

Answer 23

gliding, rolling, rotation