shoulder and arm Flashcards
arm: Describe the organisation of the neuromuscular compartments of the arm, and explain their innervation and function. Describe the paths of the main blood vessels and nerve in the arm (24 cards)
arteries of region
subclavian (towards axilla in root of neck, passing over 1st rib) -> axillary (passes through axilla at inferior border of teres major) -> brachial (gives off large branch in arm profunda brachii (deep); brachial then divides at elbow to give) -> ulnar and radial
what does subclavian arise from on right and left sides of chest
on right, arises from braciocephalic artery; on left, arises from aortic arch
3 parts of axillary artery
superior, deep, inferior (in relation to pectoralis minor)
what nerve does the profunda brachii artery follow
radial nerve
what nerve does the brachial artery follow in the distal arm
median nerve
arteries in scapula region
richly supplied with many anastomoses (extensive collateral circulation)
what are deep veins mirrored to
deep arteries
2 superficial arteries of region and where they run
cephalic vein runs up lateral border of arm, basilic vein runs up the medial border of arm
what does the basilic vein join, and what does this form
venae comitantes at level of inferior border of teres major to form the axillary vein in the arm
where does the cephalic vein join the axillary vein
in axilla (delto-pectoral groove, just as becomes subclavian vein)
where does the axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein
at level of the first rib
other tributary of axillary vein beside cephalic vein
lateral thoracic vein
what vein connects superficial epigastric vein to lateral thoracic vein
thoracoepigastric vein
function of thoracoepigastric vein
shunt for blood if portal system develops hypertension or blockage
what veins do deep lymph vessels run along with
deep veins
what veins do superficial lymph vessels run along with from the hand
cephalic and basilic veins
lymph node names and locations in region
cubital lymph nodes in medial side of elbow and delto-pectoral lymph nodes alongside cephalic vein; all superficial lymph ultimately drains into axillary lymph nodes
5 groups of axillary lymph nodes
apical, pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central
what does lymph from axillary lumph nodes then drain into and via what
into subclavian lymph trunk via apical lymph nodes, then into right lymphatic duct (right) or common thoracic duct (left)
what do axillary lymph nodes also drain, and what can removal lead to
drain breast also, so removing leads to lymphedema
2 nerves in close relation to axillary lymph node region
long thoracic nerve and thoracodorsal nerve
what muscle does long thoracic nerve supply
serratus anterior
what muscle does thoracodorsal nerve supply
latissimus dorsi
what can section of long thoracic nerve cause
paralysis of serratus anterior, causing winging of scapula
