histo breast

Question 1

acute mastitis pathogen

Answer 1

staph aureus

Question 2

sx of acuter mastitis

Answer 2

in lactating women erythema of breast fever pain

Question 3

histological appearance of breast tissue in mastitis

Answer 3

necrotic tissue infiltrated by neutrophils

Question 4

tx of mastitis

Answer 4

abx express milk and surgical drainage

Question 5

who gets periductal mastitis

Answer 5

non-lactating women who smoke

Question 6

what is seen histologically in periductal mastitis

Answer 6

keratinising squamous epithilium extending into nipple orifice

Question 7

who gets mammary duct ectasia

Answer 7

40-60yo multip

Question 8

pathology of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 8

large duct dilation due to granulomatous inflammation

Question 9

sx of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 9

poorly defined periareolar mass thick white nipple secretion

Question 10

what is the pathology of fat necrosis of the breast

Answer 10

inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue

Question 11

causes of breast fat necrosis

Answer 11

trauma Rt surgery

Question 12

what causes fibroadenosis/ fibrocystic change

Answer 12

exaggerated response to hormones

Question 13

what is adenosis (breast)

Answer 13

increased number of acini/ lobule common in pregnancy

Question 14

cystic changes and fibrosis in fibroadenosis

Answer 14

cysts form due to lobule dilation and fill with fluid they then rupture and are calcified (fibrosis)

Question 15

gynacomastia definiton

Answer 15

unilateral or bilateral breast enlargment in men

Question 16

histological appearance of gynacomastia

Answer 16

epithelial hyperplasia fingerlike projections into ducts

Question 17

fibroadenoma

Answer 17

benign overgrown of collagenous mesenchyme

Question 18

presentation of fibroadenoma

Answer 18

spherical painless mible rubbery mass

Question 19

duct papilloma

Answer 19

benign tumour of breast duct

Question 20

what does a duct papilloma cause

Answer 20

bloody discharge nmo lump

Question 21

what is a radial scar

Answer 21

central scar surrounded by proliferating glandular breast tissue in a stellate papttern

Question 22

RF for breast carcinoma

Answer 22

nulliparity OCP/ HRT smoking, obesity, tabacco, FH

Question 23

when does breast screening occur

Answer 23

every 3 years from 47-73 mammography

Question 24

what does mammography look for

Answer 24

calcifications or mass in the breast

Question 25

what is breast carcinoma in situ

Answer 25

neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to ducts or lobules by the basement membrane

Question 26

what is the difference between LCIS and DCIS

Answer 26

DCIS presents with calcifications and LCIS doesn't

Question 27

LCIS (lobar carcinoma in situ-breast)

Answer 27

incidental biopsy findings no Ecadherin no microcalifications

Question 28

what does breast DCIS put you at risk of

Answer 28

invasive breast ca

Question 29

invasive breast carcinoma subtypes

Answer 29

mucinous tubuluar ductal lobular

Question 30

invasive breast ca: mucinous

Answer 30

produce mucin which dissects into surrounding tissue

Question 31

invasive breast ca: lobular

Answer 31

cellsin single file strands

Question 32

invasive ca: tubular

Answer 32

well formed tubules with low grade nuclei \<1cm

Question 33

invasive ca: ductal

Answer 33

can't be subclassified

Question 34

what is the triple assessment

Answer 34

examination radiological exam FNA &cytology

Question 35

when is an USS used in triple assessment

Answer 35

if the woman is\<35yo if older USS+ mammography

Question 36

what is checked for at biopsy in triple assessment

Answer 36

histological subtrype ER/PR receptor tubule formation mitotic activity nuclear pleomorphism

Question 37

what receptor is associated with a good prognosis in breast ca

Answer 37

ER/PR

Question 38

what receptor is asociated with poor prognosis is breast ca

Answer 38

HER2

Question 39

what medications are used for HER2 breast ca

Answer 39

herceptin trastuzumab

Question 40

how does tamoxifen work

Answer 40

mixed agonist/ antagonist of oestrogen at its receptor

Question 41

what medication is used in breast ca to reduce oestrogen

Answer 41

anastrazole

Question 42

what do basal; cell like breast ca stain positive for

Answer 42

CK5/6/14

Question 43

where do phyllodes tumours originate from

Answer 43

interlobular stroma

Question 44

what is seen on histology of phyllodes tumour

Answer 44

increased cellularity mitoses

Question 45

do phyllodes tumours metastesis

Answer 45

no

Question 46

are phyllodes tumours benign

Answer 46

usually