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MTM > Histology of Skin > Flashcards

Histology of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skin

A
  • Physical protection
  • Thermoregulation
  • Sensation
  • Metabolic functions
  • Indicator of general health
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2
Q

3 layers of skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
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3
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous

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4
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep)

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • (Stratum lucidum)
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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5
Q

What is the stratum corneum made of?

A

Squames with no cytoplasm or organelles, instead filled with keratin

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6
Q

What do the granules in the stratum granulosum contain?

A

Keratohyalin

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7
Q

What connects the cells in the stratum spinosum?

A

Desmosomes

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8
Q

What is produced in the stratum spinosum?

A

Cytokeratin

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9
Q

Where does mitosis in the epidermis occur?

A

Stratum basale

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10
Q

What types of other cells are in the epidermis?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • Langerhan’s
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11
Q

At what layer are melanocytes found and what do they do?

A
  • Stratum basale
  • Offer UV protection and melanin
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12
Q

At what layer are Merkel cells found and what do they do?

A
  • Stratum basale
  • Associated with free nerve endings - light touch receptor
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13
Q

At what layer are Langerhan’s found and what do they do?

A
  • All layers and dermis
  • Immune cell
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14
Q

Layers of the dermis

A
  • Papillary layer
  • Reticular layer
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15
Q

What tissue is the papillary layer made of?

A

Loose connective tissue

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16
Q

What structures does the papillary layer contain, and what is their function?

A

Dermal papillae, which provide surface area

17
Q

What tissue is the reticular layer made of?

A

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

18
Q

What else is present in the tissue of the dermis?

A

Elastin

19
Q

What blood vessel structures provide blood supply to the epidermis and where are they located?

A
  • Papillary loops
  • Found in the dermal papillae
20
Q

What 2 plexuses of blood vessels are present in the dermis?

A
  • Subpapillary plexus
  • Cutaneous plexus
21
Q

Where are the 2 plexuses found?

A
  • Subpapillary is superficial in the dermis
  • Cutaneous is deep in the dermis
22
Q

What connects the 2 plexuses?

A

Shunting vessels

23
Q

What is the importance of shunting vessels in thermoregulation?

A
  • Controlled by ANS
  • Can vasoconstrict to prevent blood supply to periphery
24
Q

Types of mechanoreceptors in the skin

A
  • Free nerve endings
  • Merkel disks
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Ruffini endings
  • Pacinian corpuscles
25
Q

Where are each of the mechanoreceptors found?

A
  • FNE = epidermis
  • MD = papillary layer of dermis
  • MC = dermis
  • RE = dermis
  • PC = subcutaneous layer
26
Q

What do each of the mechanoreceptors detect?

A
  • FNE = pain
  • MD = perception of shape, texture
  • MC = motion detection, grip control
  • RE = skin stretch, tangential force
  • PC = perception of distant events through vibrations
27
Q

Where do hairs develop from?

A

Hair follicles

28
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

Oily sebum

29
Q

Where do sebaceous glands secrete?

A
  • Commonly hair follicles
  • Sometimes independent
30
Q

What type of secretion do sebaceous glands use?

A

Holocrine secretion - cell fills with secretory vesicles then dissociates

31
Q

What muscle makes hairs stand up?

A

Arrector pili muscle

32
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle innervated by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

33
Q

Where are sweat glands found?

A

Superficial hypodermis

34
Q

What type of secretion do sweat glands use?

A

Merocrine secretion

35
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  • Eccrine
  • Apocrine
36
Q

Where do eccrine sweat glands secrete?

A

Directly onto skin surface

37
Q

Where do apocrine sweat glands secrete?

A

Into hair follicles

MTM (19 decks)

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