Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTM > Storage and Replication of Genetic Information > Flashcards

Storage and Replication of Genetic Information Flashcards

1
Q

Why is RNA unstable?

A

The lone pair of electrons on the O in the OH group of the 2’ carbon of the sugar interacts with the phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bases are purines?

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which bases are pyrimidines?

A
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is satellite DNA?

A

Blocks of tandem repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a mini satellite?

A

Up to 1000 copies of the repeat in a block (not just 3 bases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a micro satellite?

A

A smaller array of simple sequence repeats (eg. CAG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are both types of satellite typically found?

A
  • Mini = centromere and telomere
  • Micro = non-coding DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the telomeres?

A

Allow replication to tip of the chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the centromere?

A

Proteins involved in cell division bind to centromeric sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of chromatin

A
  • Euchromatin
  • Heterochromatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Less compact chromatin found in gene-rich areas to allow easy binding for transcription proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Highly condensed region of interphase chromosome that is generally gene-poor/transcriptionally inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

To which end are new nucleotides added?

A

3’ end (so replication is in a 5’ to 3’ direction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do initiator proteins do?

A

Recognise replication origins and open up the double helix into a ‘bubble’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ‘forks’?

A

The Y-shaped ends either side of the ‘bubble’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which direction does DNA polymerase move in?

A

5’ to 3’ of NEW strand

17
Q

What must be present for DNA polymerase to work?

A
  • Template
  • RNA primer
18
Q

What are Okazaki fragments?

A

Small fragments that are built in the opposite direction to the direction of fork movement due to the parental strand being in the 5’ to 3’ direction

19
Q

How are Okazaki fragments added to the chain?

A
  • RNA primer added up-stream from already-replicated DNA
  • Okazaki fragment built back towards previous primer
  • Old primer erased and replaced with DNA
  • DNA ligase joins new Okazaki fragment to already-replicated chain
20
Q

What is the strand simply made as one long chain in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A

Leading strand

21
Q

What is the strand made in the 3’ to 5’ direction using Okazaki fragments?

A

Lagging strand

22
Q

What is depurination?

A

Where guanine is completely removed from the nucleotide

23
Q

What is deamination?

A

NH2 of cytosine replaced O, creating uracil

24
Q

What causes thymine dimers?

A

UV radiation

25
Q

What is a thymine dimer?

A

C=C bonds opened up on adjacent thymines and C-C bonds join the previously separate bases

MTM (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions