Metabolism and its Control 1 Flashcards
What does a catabolic pathway do?
Breaks down complex molecules into simple molecules and releases energy
What does an anabolic pathway do?
Builds complex molecules from simple molecules and requires energy
Which pathways are cytosolic?
- Glycolysis
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- Fatty synthesis
Which pathways are in mitochondria?
- TCA cycle
- β-oxidation
- Respiratory chain
Where are most TCA cycle enzymes located, and what exception?
- Mitochondrial matrix
- Succinate hydrogenase is not
Where is succinate hydrogenase found?
Bound to inner mitochondrial membrane
Types of metabolic reaction
- Oxidation
- Reduction
- Hydrolysis/dehydration
- (De)Phosphorylation
- (De)Carboxylation
- Ligation reactions
2 processes that make ATP
- Substrate-level phosphorylation (no oxygen)
- Oxidative phosphorylation (oxygen)
What bonds in ATP store energy?
Phosphoanhydride bonds
4 steps for ATP production
- Glycolysis
- Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (makes acetyl-CoA)
- TCA cycle
- Electron transport chain
Conversions during glycolysis
- Glucose –> 2 pyruvate
- 2 ADP –> 2 ATP
- 2 NAD+ –> 2 NADH
What are the intermediate forms of glucose before pyruvate?
- Fructose-1,6-biphosphate (F-1,6-bp)
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA-3-P)
What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic respiration?
Lactate dehydrogenase
What the Cori cycle?
Cycle between liver and tissue where liver converts lactate from tissue to glucose which tissue can use for glycolysis
By what process is pyruvate in the liver converted to glucose?
Gluconeogenesis
