Histology of the Nervous System

Question 1

What are the main types of cells that constitute the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Neurons, astrocytes, onligodendrocytes, Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Schawn Cells and Satellite Cells of the Ganglia

Question 2

What are the main types of ganglia found in the Peripheral NS?

Answer 2

Sensory

Autonomic

Question 3

What are nissl bodies?

Answer 3

organelles of the neurons close to the nucleus [RER, ribosomes]

Question 4

How does the nuclei of neurons stain?

Answer 4

Not very strongly, pale

Question 5

How many layers of cells has the cortex of the CNS?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What is the most abundant cell between neurons and astrocytes?

Answer 6

Astrocytes

Question 7

What is white matter made of?

Answer 7

Neuronal Axons

Question 8

What is grey matter made of?

Answer 8

Cell bodies

Question 9

What is the main function of the ventricular system? and where is the main product produced?

Answer 9

Production and circulation of CSF

Choroid Plexus

Question 10

What type of cells is in charge of producing CSF?

Answer 10

Ependymal Cells

Question 11

What is a synapse?

Answer 11

Functional Junction between 2 neurons

Question 12

Neuronal Cytoskeleton if formed by what type of structureS?

Answer 12

Actin
Microtubules
Intermediate Fillaments

Question 13

Which of the filaments are dynamic and where are they located?

Answer 13

Actin –> Growth Cones and Spines

Microtubules —-> Axons

Question 14

Where are the Intermediate Fillaments located?

Answer 14

All the processes of the neuron

Question 15

Main function of the astrocytes?

Answer 15

environment control for the neuron, such as regulating [K, glutamate,GABA]
Control of blood flow

Question 16

What causes astrocyte glial contraction?

Answer 16

Ca+2 Wave due to glutamate binding

Question 17

How do astrocytes modulate neuronal functioning?

Answer 17

By uptaking Ca+2 and releasing ATP which hyperpolarises the neuron
Also by taking from the environment neurotransmitters

Question 18

what si the main cell type of the microglia?

Answer 18

Macrophage like cells (from same origin as macrophages but restricted to CNS)

Question 19

What is considered as CNS?

Answer 19

Spinal cord and brain

Question 20

Main function of the oligodrendrocytes?

Answer 20

Production of the myelin sheath of neurons in the CNS

Question 21

What does myelin does to the neuron?

Answer 21

increases conduction rate

Question 22

how many oligodendrocytes are per neuron?

Answer 22

1 oligodendrocyte provides processes for several neurons

Question 23

oligodendrocytes coven the enterity of the neuron without leaving spaces T/F

Answer 23

F, spaces are called Nodules of Ranvier

Question 24

Which of the layers of connective tissue is vascularised and provides support for neurons and the schawn cell?

Answer 24

Endoneuron

Question 25

From inside out starting at the neuron describe the layers around the neuron?

Answer 25

Neuron -- Endoneuron - Perineuron - Epineuron

Question 26

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 26

support cells of the ganglia

Question 27

What is the main contributor to BBB?

Answer 27

Endothelial Cells --> Tight Junctions