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Anthropology 1 > History of Evolutionary Ideas > Flashcards

History of Evolutionary Ideas Flashcards

1
Q

ORIGIN OF LIFE

A

Also known as the “Origin of Evolutionary Ideas

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2
Q

The changes in organism that occur over a long period of time.

A

Evolution

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3
Q

All known origin of life:

A

Creationism
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism

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4
Q

Life forms have existed since the beginning of time
Asserts that there is a supernatural power that created and descends upon humans (God created man out of nothing)

A

Creationism

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5
Q

Creationism in the Philippines?

A

The Folk Tale of Malakas and Maganda

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6
Q

New life forms emerge after a catastrophe

A

Catastrophism

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7
Q

Catastrophism proponent:

A

Georges Cuvier

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8
Q

Geological changes emerge from small geological changes over a period of time

A

Uniformitarianism

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9
Q

Changes in____is regarded as a uniform process

A

Earth

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10
Q

Uniformitarianism proponents:

A

James Hutton & Charles Lyell

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11
Q

Key figures in evolution

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Thomas Robert Malthus
Charles Darwin

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12
Q

The first biologist to say that life forms evolve

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

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13
Q

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed the____

A

inheritance of acquired
characteristics brought about by the
environment.

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14
Q

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed theory is disproven through____

A

Phenotypic traits

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15
Q

Observed that the current food supply cannot support the increasing population.

A

Thomas Robert Malthus

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16
Q

Thomas Robert Malthus stated____

A

Those who can get food will be the ones to survive; the rest will go into extinction.

17
Q

Influenced Charles Darwin to think about overpopulation and variability of species.

A

Thomas Robert Malthus

18
Q

Observed variations among similar organisms specifically adapted to different environments

A

Charles Darwin

19
Q

Rode the HMS Beagle and arrived at the Galapagos Islands, where he conducted his research.

A

Charles Darwin

20
Q

A genetically trait-based characteristic that makes an organism better suited to its environment.

A

Adaptation

21
Q

Survival of the fittest (adaptable); elimination of the less fit or unfavored.

A

Natural Selection

22
Q

Natural Selection examples:

A

Giraffe necks
Beaks of finches

23
Q

was published by Darwin.

A

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection

24
Q

Darwin’s Arguments (1-4)

A

Living things tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support

Lack of resources increases competition; therefore, there exists a constant struggle for existence.

All living organisms vary; variations in genotype are passed on from generation to generation.

Only the fittest and well-adapted can survive.

25
Q

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION:

A

Direct

Indirect

26
Q

Something that can be directly observed
or seen.

A

Direct

27
Q

Something that does not involve actual observation of evolution but from which evolution may be inferred.

A

Indirect

28
Q

Remains or impressions of animals or plants preserved in the earth’s crust.

A

FOSSILS

29
Q

Specialized field of anatomy that compares anatomical structures within a particular group of organisms.

A

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

30
Q

Homologous Structures:

A

Similar structures, different function

31
Q

Analogous Structure

A

Similar functions, but different structures

32
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Small structures that are useless

33
Q

Vestigial Structures examples:

A

Appendix
Coccyx

34
Q

Closely-related organisms are similar in _______

A

Biochemical Makeup

35
Q

Use of geology and biology to describe species, their environments, and their presence and distribution in a geographical area.

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

36
Q

Study of distribution of organisms

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

37
Q

The relationship of organisms with their environments can tell:

A

how they behave

38
Q

Study of similarities in embryonic development

A

EMBRYOLOGY

Anthropology 1 (6 decks)

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