Genetics Flashcards
(47 cards)
The study of heredity (passing of traits from parents to offspring)
Genetics:
Father of Heredity
Gregor Mendel
he experimented with ____ and scientific name______
pea plants (Pisum sativum)
He used pea plants because they:
■ were easy to grow
■ have easily identifiable traits
■ have large numbers of samples to work
with
MENDELIAN EXPERIMENT:
create a pure or true-breeding generation
Removed the stamen to ensure self-pollination
Ensured purity of true-breeding and then crossed the
plants
He called the offspring F1 generation also known as
he first filial generation
When the pure yellow peas were crossed with
pure green peas
all the offspring became yellow.
An offspring with contrasting traits (evident in the F2 generation).
Hybrid
Mendel concluded that inheritance is:
determined by factors passed on from one generation to another. This is due to genetics.
are characteristics.
Traits
are representations of traits usually in the form of
capital letters and small letters.
Alleles
Represented by capital
letters; usually mask other traits.
Dominant Alleles
Represented by small letters; hidden/masked
Recessive Alleles
Alleles with the same trait
Homozygous Alleles
2 types of Homozygous Alleles
Homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
Alleles with different traits
Heterozygous/Hybrid Alleles
2 types of Heterozygous/Hybrid Alleles
Heterozygous dominant
heterozygous recessive
Refers to the genetic material or composition (represented by alleles; INTERNAL
Genotype
refers to the observable characteristics or traits (EXTERNAL)
Phenotype
_____ influences____
Genotype-Phenotype
Mendelian Genetics have:
LIMITATIONS: Human traits
(e.g. skin color) are non-binary
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed
double-helix model of the DNA
Nitrogenous Bases:
Include Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Chargaff’s rule
Guanine is always partnered with Cytosine while Adenine is always paired with Thymine.
