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bio & history > history- russian revolution > Flashcards

history- russian revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Serfdom

A 
Rigid social structure :
Landowning nobles
Small middle class
Serfs (laborers)
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2
Q

Pogroms

A

Violent mob attacks on Jews

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3
Q

Conditions in Russia during 1800s - early 1900s

A

Many problems : famine, filled prisons, peasants want power, defeated by Japan

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4
Q

Russification

A

Suppressing non-Russian culture and forcing Russian culture (language, etc) on people

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5
Q

Tsar Nicholas II

A

Weak ruler that causes public and social problems

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6
Q

Russo-Japanese war

A

Over Korea and Manchuria

Humiliating defeat makes Russian ppl realize they need reform and liberals begin striking/protesting

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7
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

Peaceful protest outside Tsar’s palace, petitioning for justice (free speech and right to vote), while praising the tsar -> Nicholas scared-> flees palace and calls soldiers->troops open fire on unarmed, peaceful citizens

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8
Q

Father Gapon

A

Orthodox priest that organized Bloody Sunday’s march

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9
Q

Effect of Bloody Sunday

A

Kills the hope of the ppl and their trust in the tsar
Causes workers strikes, peasant revolts, etc
Nickname Bloody Nicholas II
1905 revolution

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10
Q

1905 revolution effect

A

Duma is created

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11
Q

The Duma

A

Elected national legislature, liked by moderates, disliked by socialists

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12
Q

Nicholas II wife

A

Alexandra

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13
Q

Heir to the throne after Nicholas II

A

Alexei

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14
Q

Rasputin

A

A monk / sorcerer that became extremely powerful in Russia

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15
Q

Why did Rasputin become powerful in Russia

A

Alexandra turned to him because he said he was able to help alexei
He eventually became really close to the family and held influence over them

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16
Q

Trams-Siberian Railroad

A

Longest railway in the world

Connected Moscow and Vladivostok

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17
Q

Why was tsar Nicholas absent for a period of time

A

He went to else the army because 1/3 of Russia’s soldiers had no guns

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18
Q

Who ruled in Nicholas’s absence

A

Alexandra and Rasputin

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19
Q

What did the Russians claim about Alexandra

A

She was an enemy spy bc she was born in Germany

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20
Q

What caused March rev/ tsar abdication

A

The war was going badly

People are starving and angry

21
Q

What illness did alexei suffer from

A

Hemophilia

21
Q

March rev

A

Tsar abdicates

Provisional govt led by Alexander Kerensky cokes to power

22
Q

Provisional government

A

Set up by Duma
Temporary govt
Middle class liberals working on a new constitution for a republic

23
Q

Creation of the soviets

A

Revolutionary socialists set up soviets

Soviets are councils of workers and soldiers

24
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Radical socialist group

Led by Vladimir Lenin

25
Q

Why does Lenin hate the tsarist govt

A

He was always considered a threat to the gift bc his brother was murdered for trying to kill the tsar

26
Q

Bolshevik beliefs

A

Revolution is the only way to bring about change

Contorted version of Marxist beliefs

27
Q

Alexander Karensky / success of provisional govt ?

A

Karensky not making any reforms

Launched a offensive against Germany that proved to be a mistake

28
Q

What did the failed offensive against Germany cause

A

Mutiny

29
Q

When did the bolsheviks come to power

A

The November revolution

30
Q

November rev

A

Mutinous soldiers join with red guards (armed factory workers) and easily overthrow provisional govt and out bolsheviks in power (made lots of promises and “defended” the people even thought no violence actually ensued)

31
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

Signed by Lenin to achieve peace with Germany

32
Q

Who was the Russian civil war between

A

Reds and whites

33
Q

Who made up the reds

A

Communists who have mistrust in the west, and want to drive out foreigners

34
Q

Who made up the whites

A

Counterrevolutionaries (allies, democrats, tsarists,etc)

35
Q

Who wins and why

A

Reds bc they use terror and brutality and are located in the middle of Russia which makes it more difficult for the whites to attack them

36
Q

Cheka

A

Secret police under … who executed people suspected of talking bad about bolsheviks ?

37
Q

Changes made to Russia under Lenin and bolsheviks

A 
Renamed USSR (Soviet Union)
Has a democratic and socialist constitution 
Political power and resources and means of production belong to workers 
Outlawed every party except communist party
38
Q

Lenins New Economic Policy (NEP)

A

Allowed small businesses to open for private profit -> not “pure” communism -> just a break from communism to help economy recover

40
Q

What problem did marx’s communism face in russia (about communist rev)

A

Communist rev should occur in developed countries, purposely left Russia out bc Russia = undeveloped

41
Q

How did Lenin solve the problem (about communist rev)

A

By rewriting communism to say that a Revolutionary elite should lead the peasant masses

42
Q

Totalitarianism

A

When the govt has total control over every aspect of your life
Set up by dictators

43
Q

How did Stalin come to power and how did he maintain it

A

Came to power by joining bolsheviks and getting involve in Government committee within communist party -> took lenins place when Lenin died
Maintained power by using terror and secret police and purges and by controlling the way ppl think

44
Q

Collectivization

A

Transfer control of all forms to the govt

45
Q

Purges

A

Stalins effort to “cleanse” the communist party of anyone who posed any threat to his control

46
Q

The Great Purge

A

Stalin and secret police charge ordinary citizens for no reason -> feared rival party leaders were plotting against him
Used show trials to get confessions out of them

47
Q

What was the reality of communism in Russia

A

Theoretically, ppl should all have equal power, realistically- small communist party used terror to enforce its own will

48
Q

Trotsky

A

Helped Lenin lead rev
And wanted rev against capitalism
When Lenin died, Stalin killed him bc he was his only competition

48
Q

Five year plans

A

Building heavier industry

Govt distributed all resources and owner all businesses

bio & history (20 decks)

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