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history-WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of WW1

A 
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism 
Imperialism
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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2
Q

MANIA:

Imperialism

A

Countries competed with each other to gain more colonies, resources, and markets than one another ->deepens sense of rivalry

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3
Q

MANIA:

Nationalism

A

Leads to intense competition between nations
Develops mistrust for one another
Desire to join with those of similar nationality

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4
Q

MANIA:

Militarism

A

Nations wanted to be stronger than potential enemies
believe that their national security depended on the technology school and readiness of their military forces
each nations actions caused a reaction in the other nations
Arms race

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5
Q

MANIA:

Alliances

A

When one member of an alliance it goes toward the others will follow
Conflict between any two members of opposing alliance groups could draw in all the other members of the alliances

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6
Q

2 main rival alliances in Europe before ww1

A 
Triple Entente (Britain France Russia)
Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary)
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7
Q

Two main alliances during ww1

A 
Allied powers (Britain, France ,Russia, Italy, Serbia, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Montenegro, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Belgium)
Central powers (Germany, Austria-hungry, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria)
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8
Q

MANIA:

Assasination

A

The spark - assasination of archduke

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9
Q

Explain the conflict over Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Austria took over Bosnia, but Bosnia was the Slavic speaking region and Serbia wanted to join with it

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10
Q

Explain the assassination of Archduke Frans Ferdinand

A

Friends Ferdinand is visiting Bosnia Herzegovina and is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip - member of Serbian nationalist group The Black Hand

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11
Q

The steps that lead to the outbreak of war

A

Friends Ferdinand was assassinated ->Austria presents Serbia with an ultimatum, backed by germany->Serbia accepts most, but not all, of Austrias demands->Austria declares war on Serbia->Russian troops mobilize to Austrian border (“just a precaution”) ->Germany declares war on russia->Germany demands France stay neutral , but France backs its ally Russia ->Germany declare war on France -> Germany invades Belgium on its way to France ->Great Britain (protecting belgium) declares war on Germany

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12
Q

What was germanys main problem

A

Two front War (eastern front - Russia, western front - France )

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13
Q

What was the solution to the two front war

A

The Schlieffen plan

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14
Q

Explain the Schlieffen plan

A

Russia will be slow to mobilize->defeat France on western front in six weeks, then turn to eastern front and defeat Russia

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15
Q

Problems with Schlieffen Plan

A
  1. Belgium was heavily fortified-> Took longer to get to France
  2. Stronger resistance in France then expected
  3. Russian troops mobilized far more quickly
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16
Q

What did the Germans do when realizing the Schlieffen Plan won’t work

A

Retreat from France , split army between both fronts

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17
Q

What brought Austria-Hungary into the war

A

Declared war on Serbia when Serbia didn’t accept unreasonable ultimatum for assassinating Franz Ferdinand (wanted an excuse to declare war on them)

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18
Q

What brought Germany into the war

A

Stood by ally, Austria-Hungary

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19
Q

What brought Serbia into the war

A

Attacked by Austria-Hungary

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20
Q

What brought Russia into the war

A

Wanted to defend Slavic peoples in Serbia

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21
Q

What brought France into the war

A

Backed ally Russia

Wanted revenge on Germany for Franco-Prussian war->this would be perfect time bc France was not alone and had help

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22
Q

What brought Belgium into the war

A

Invaded by Germany

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23
Q

What brought Britain into the war

A

Outraged by invasion of Belgium

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24
Q 
Battle of the Marne
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

In France
Between France and Germany
France pushes German back 50 miles away from Paris; German general tells soldiers to dig trenches
Boosted French spirits; Germany’s abandonment of Schlieffen plan; neither side could easily defeat the other; beginning of trench warfare

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25
``` Battle of Tannenburg Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
Present day Poland Russia v. Germany Germans encircle and destroy Russians Russia never fully recovers from this defeat; The first battle
26
``` Battle of Ypres Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
In Ypres, Belgium Britain/Belgium v. Germany High casualties on both sides; no breakthroughs; stalemate Warring nations begin to adjust their plans; poison gas introduced
27
``` Battle of Verdun Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
In Verdun, France France v. Germany German surprise attack but French held firm for six months, Germany abandoned Bloodiest battle of the war
28
``` Battle of the Somme Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
Somme river valley in France Britain v. Germany Lots of casualties British introduce the tank; inconclusive and bloody
29
``` Battle of Gallipoli Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
Peninsula of Gallipoli Allies (Australians) v. Turks Allies try to take the Dardanelles Strait from turks -> trying to get supplies to Russia -> Turks defeat them
30
``` Battle of Jutland Location Between whom What happened Significance ```
At sea near Denmark Britain v. Germany Both sides claimed victory, but British still left in the control of the seas, German still blocked by British blockade Only major battle between British and German fleets; unrestricted submarine warfare begins
31
Trench warfare
Know the parts, problems, etc
32
New weapons/technology used during ww1
Bolt action rifle, machine gun, artillery fire, flame thrower, poison gas, barbed wire, wireless radio, Zepplin, airplane, tank, submarine
33
Germanys leader
Kaiser Wilhelm II
34
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Franz Joseph
35
Prime minister of Great Britain
David Lloyd George
36
Prime minister of France
Georges Clemenceau
37
Prime minister of Italy
Vittorio Orlando
38
Tsar of Russia
Nicholas II
39
President of United States
Woodrow Wilson
40
Propaganda
Using the truth or lies to Intentionally try to get people to think, feel, or do something
41
Six purposes of propaganda in ww1
1. to keep morale up at the homefront and encourage people to give their time and money to the war effort 2. to portray their enemy as an evil that needs to be fought 3. to recruit more soldiers 4. To stop information from being published which might help the enemy 5. To psychologically dishearten the enemy troops 6. To give civilians of government-approved version of the war
42
Total war
All of the nations resources are channeled into the war effort
43
Why did Germany introduce submarine warfare
To wear down British sea power -> British blockade prevented any supplies from getting into Germany -> German u-boats threatened to sink British ships in response
44
Lusitania
A British passenger ship that Germans sunk
45
Effect of sinking the Lusitania
Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut off diplomatic relations with Germany is they didn't stop unrestricted submarine war fare
46
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany was attacking any ship (passenger and freight too) with no limitations
47
What was the German response to Woodrow Wilson's threat
Ending unrestricted submarine warfare for now
48
Why did the US enter the war (3 causes)
1. Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare 2. Zimmerman telegram 3. Germany sank 4 American passenger ships
49
Why did Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare
They were desperate to break the stalemate because they couldn't break through the British blockade-> thought that if they killed passengers, Britain would drop out
50
Zimmerman note/telegram
From Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to fight US and keep them busy while Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare -> in return, Germany will give Mexico some of the US British intercept this telegram and publish it to tell US-> all Americans hate Germany now, no more split opinion
51
Why did Russia drop out of the war
War was unpopular with Russian people; food fuel and munitions shortages; devastating casualties
52
define armistice
Agreement to stop fighting
53
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
After signing armistice with Germany , Russia signs this treaty with Germany Loses western territory and 1/3 of pop BECOMES ONE FROMT WAR FOR GERMANY
54
What turns the tide of the war
US entered the war
55
How did the US is entrance into the war help the allies
Boosted allied Morale | Gave the allies much-needed industrial and human resources
56
What side of the war did the US enter on
The allies
57
How did the war end
Allies defeat Germany in the last battle, Germany realize they could not win, German Kaiser abdicates and armistice was signed
58
Effects of ww1
Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German empires end Boundaries had to be read drawn in various parts of the world Increased political and social stability Human misery had become common Millions of ppl dead or wounded
59
Paris peace conference
Delegates from 27 countries me to work out separate peace treaties Central Powers and Russia not invited-> make them both extremely angry
60
Big four of Paris peace conference
US, France, Britain, Italy | Realistically only "big three" (no italy)
61
Fourteen points
Woodrow Wilson's peace plan
62
Treaty of Versailles
Allied peace treaty with Germany Disarmament (reduce Germany's army , ban conscription, ban manufacturing of major war weapons) Germany must return Alsace-Lorraine France would control rich Saar Basin for 15 yrs Demilitarized Rhineland Renounce treaty of Brest-Litovsk ->punish Russia Reestablish poland / polish corridor Germany lost overseas colonies to the allies Germany must accept blame for war Germany must pay $2.7 trillion in reparations (modern day money)
63
New nations formed out of ww1
``` Poland Finland Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania Ireland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Turkey Hungary ```
64
League of Nations
Formed out of Fourteen Points
65
Mandate
A member of the League of Nations gets authorization to govern a former German or Turkish colony

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