HIV and AIDS

Question 1

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 1

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 2

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 2

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 3

What is AIDS caused by?

Answer 3

HIV

Question 4

What type of virus is HIV?

Answer 4

Retrovirus

Question 5

What genetic material does HIV contain?

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

What enzyme does HIV contain?

Answer 6

Reverse transcriptase

Question 7

What are both of these surrounded by?

Answer 7

A capsid

Question 8

What is the capsid surrounded by?

Answer 8

A lipid envelope which contains glycoprotein ‘spikes’

Question 9

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 9

Introduction of blood, semen or vaginal secretions from an infected individual into the bloodstream of another

Question 10

How can this happen?

Answer 10

Sexual transmission, blood transfusions, sharing of needles, mother to baby

Question 11

What is the host cell for HIV?

Answer 11

Helper T cells

Question 12

What is the first step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 12

It attaches using their glycoproteins which are complimentary to specific protein receptor sites

Question 13

What is the second step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 13

The lipid envelope fuses with the cell-surface membrane and the viral RNA and enzyme are released into the cell

Question 14

What is the third step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 14

In the T cell viral DNA is made using reverse transcriptase and RNA

Question 15

What is the fourth step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 15

Viral DNA enters the nucleus and attaches to the host’s DNA (the viral DNA may be latent for a long time)

Question 16

What is the fifth step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 16

Activated DNA controls the synthesis of RNA

Question 17

What is the sixth step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 17

Viral RNA codes for synthesis of viral proteins and more viral RNA

Question 18

What is the seventh step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 18

HIV particles are assembled- the viral envelope is formed a part of the host’s membrane- the cell is destroyed as viruses are released

Question 19

What is the eighth step of HIV viral replication?

Answer 19

The new viruses help infect other helper T cells

Question 20

How does HIV not lead to AIDS?

Answer 20

The infection can be controlled with anti-viral medication

Question 21

What happens if HIV is left untreated?

Answer 21

Viral replication destroys host cells which reduces the number of helper T cells

Question 22

What happens as the immune system collapses?

Answer 22

The individual suffers a range of infections/tumours that lead to death

Question 23

What is the first phase of HIV turning into AIDS?

Answer 23

The body produces HIV antibodies and there may be a short flu-like illness

Question 24

What is the second phase of HIV turning into AIDS?

Answer 24

The antibody positive phase- the period between infection and the onset of clinical signs

Question 25

What is the third phase of HIV turning into AIDS?

Answer 25

The AIDS related complex resulting from a variety of microbial infections as the number of T helper cells decreases

Question 26

What is the last phase of HIV turning into AIDS?

Answer 26

Death

Question 27

Why do antibiotics not work against HIV?

Answer 27

They affect cellular structures of bacteria such as cells walls and ribosomes and viruses don’t have any cellular structures

Question 28

Why is there a latency period in HIV becoming AIDS?

Answer 28

Integrated viral DNA may be within a dormant T H cell

Question 29

What has to happen to produce a virus?

Answer 29

Certain transcription factors need to be present