monoclonal antibodies Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Identical antibodies with the same antigen-binding site.
How can monoclonal antibodies be produced?
From a single clone of antibody producing B cells.
What are the uses of monoclonal antibodies?
Targeting medication to specific cell types, medical diagnosis.
How can monoclonal antibodies be used to target medication to specific cell types?
By attaching a therapeutic drug to an antibody.
e.g. cancer cells.
How can monoclonal antibodies be used in medical diagnosis?
To detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies.
What are the types of ELISA method?
Direct and indirect.
What does the direct ELISA measure?
Concentration of antigens.
What does the indirect ELISA measure?
Concentration of antibodies.
What is the first step of direct ELISA?
Specific monoclonal antibody bound to a well.
What is the second step of direct ELISA?
The sample is added and antigen will bind to monoclonal antibody then wash.
What is the third step of direct ELISA?
A second monoclonal antibody specific to the same antigen is added with an enzyme.
What is the final step of direct ELISA?
After its washed again, substrate is added with a colour to see if enzyme is still present
What is the first step of indirect ELISA?
Specific antigen bound to the well
What is the second step of indirect ELISA?
Sample is added- antibody will bind to antigen
What is the third step of indirect ELISA?
After its been washed, a monoclonal antibody is added with an enzyme then wash again
What is the final step of indirect ELISA?
A substrate is added which will change colour
when binded to the enzyme
What is the colour proportional to?
The concentration of the enzyme present
What type of graph can be produced using known concentrations of antigen/antibody?
A calibration curve
Why is the washing step important?
The antibodies will remain in the well which will lead to a false positive result
