hns 2 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the neck
A
Structural – supports and moves the head
Visceral functions – contains the airway and oesophagus, digestive and respirarty system
Conduit for blood vessels & nerves
2
Q
whats fascia
A
connective tissue composed of connective fibres, organises body in diffrent comparments
permits spread of infections within compartments
3
Q
pretracheal fascia function
A
sorounds viscreal components of neck
digestive, repsiraty system
4
Q
corotid sheath
A
sorounds blood vessels
5
Q
prevertebral fascia
A
sorounds muscles
6
Q
what can you find in the pretacheal fascia
A
osephagus, trachea and thyroid
7
Q
what is within the invetsing fascia
A
sternocleidomastoid muscle
8
Q
what is within the carotid sheath
A
you can see the jungular vein
common coritid artery
vagus nerve
9
Q
what are the triangles of the neck
A
anterior and posterior triangles
10
Q
what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do
A
divides teh neck in the two muscles
11
Q
what muscles surround the posterior triangle
and theclast part
A
trapezuis muscle (posterior) sternocleidomastoid (anterior) clavicle on the bottom
12
Q
what does teh anterior triangle contain
A
muscle blood vessels (corotid arteries)
13
Q
what does the posterior triangle contain
A
Mainly blood vessels and nerves:
14
Q
what do the external and internal coritid artery supply
A
external = face internal = brain
15
Q
what does teh maxillary division supply
A
the meninges
16
Q
what are the 3 types of muscles making up the facial muscles
A
orbital
nasal
oral
17
Q
what are they controlled by
A
cranial nerve 7
18
Q
what do the orbital muscles control
A
eyelids
19
Q
aurical muscles control what
A
ear
20
Q
where does the cranial nerve divide up
A
parotid gland
21
Q
what joins the mandible and temparol bone
A
TMJ
22
Q
what are the 2 projection of the mandible
A
condylar process
coronoid process
23
Q
function of TMJ
A
allowing chewing (mastication)
24
Q
what are the muscles that control mastication
A
muscle of mastication
25
what CN are they controlled by
CN 5
26
when the jaw is slighty open, what predominates
a hinge action
27
what happens when the jaw is open fully
a hinge and gliding action occur
28
when the jaw moves forward
protrusion
29
when the mandible moves backwards
retraction
30
up
elevation
31
doen
depression
32
what 2 muscles causes the movement
Masseter
| Temporalis
33
what does the Temporalis muscle cause
elevates and retracts mandible
34
Masseter cause
elevates mandible (allows forced closure of mouth)
35
what are teh 2 deeper musces controlling teh mandible
lateral and medial pteryoid muscle
36
what does the lateral pteryoid muscle do
attached to sphenoid and mandible
| depress and protract madible when opening mouth
37
medial pm
bring elevation and protraction
| side to side used for grinding
38
what does the orbit contain
eyeball
muscle moving eye
optic nerve
other nerve and vessel r
39
what 4 walls make up the orbit
roof
floor
lateral
medial
40
what makes up the roof
orbital plate of frontal bone
41
floor
orbitl plate of maxilla
42
medial
ethmoid and lacrimal bone
43
lateral
zygoma
44
what are the 3 fissures in the eye
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Optic canal
45
what passes through the SOf
CN 3, 4 6
46
optic canal
```
optic nerve (II)
and ophthalmic artery
```
47
Inferior orbital fissure
```
maxillary nerve (V2)
and infraorbital vessels
```
48
what moves the eye
Extraocular muscles
49
what are the 4 rectus/straight muscles
Medial
rectus
Lateral
rectus
Inferior
rectus
Superior
rectus
50
what are the 2 oblique msucles
superior and inferior oblique
51
what is teh common origin of the rectus muscles
Common
tendinous
ring
52
what are they mainly supplied by
CN3
53
what is teh exception
lateral rectus CN6
54
what muscle moves the eyelid
Levator palpebrae
| superioris
55
where does the lr move teh eye
latreally
56
mr
medially
57
ir
medially and iferiorly
58
sr
superior and medially
59
s oblique
down and out
60
io
superior and lateraly
61
how to test the lateral rectis
ask a person to look laterally
62
mr
look toward the nose
63
sr
look outwards then upwards
64
ir
look outwards then downwards
65
what does adducted mean
look towards the nose
66
so test
look doen towards your nose
67
io
from the last position look up in the corner
68
CN 3 function
alter size of pupil
| alter thikness lense
69
trigeminal nerves
v1 opthalmic division
v2 maxillary
v3 madibular
70
what do the sympathetic
pupil dialate
71
what can parasypathetic do by using smooth msucle
change thickness of lense
72
Carvernous sinus is important why
many structure passing through it
| spread of infection through it to the cranial cavity
73
Lacrimal system
production movement and drianage of fluid from the eye
74
where is the lacrimal gland located
super lateral quadtant, corner of eyelid away from nose
75
where is the fluid drained from
the pink part in the corner of the eye
76
the lacrimal receives parasympathetic secretor motor fibres from where
CN 7
77
how does excess fluid drained
into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct
78
what are bones that stick out into teh nasal cavity called
conchea
superior
middle
inferior
79
what are teh structures inbetween the conchea called
meatus
superior ( between the superior and middle concha)
middle inferior
80
what is the function of the conchea
increase surface area
warm humidify air
trap pathogen
81
what 3 cranial nerves are innervated in the nasal cavity
```
Olfactory nerve (I)
Olfaction
```
```
Trigeminal nerve (V)
General sensation - V1 – anterior region, V2 – posterior region
```
```
Facial nerve (VII)
Glands via parasympathetic fibres
```
```
Sympathetic nerves (from T1)
Vascular smooth muscle
```
82
function of rich blood supply
humidify and change tempreture of air
83
what is the arteriole supply by
internal carotid artery
| external carotid artey
84
risk pf infection from nasal to cranial cavity
soem of teh blood vessels that drain the nasal cavity pass through the cavernous sinus into cranial cavity
85
what are the 4 Paranasal sinuses
frontal
ethmoid aur cells
spheniod
maxillary
86
function
```
reduce weight of the skull
act as crumple zone in case of facial trauma
increase resonance of the voice
humidify and warm air
mucous secreating sinuses
```
87
how do they recieve sensory innervation
trigeminal nerve
88
frontal sinuses
v1
89
e a s
v1 v2
90
sphenoid
v1 c2
91
m
v2
92
what is the outside of the ear called
auricle
93
what is the centre of the ear called
concha
94
what is the small flap called
tragus
95
purpose of external ear
transmit sound to the eardrum
96
what does the tympanic memnrane have and function
small bone that trasnmit sound to inner ear
97
what does the middle ear have
continous to the nasal cavity
| fringo tympanic tube
98
function of the fringo tympanic tube
stabilises pressure between middle ear and atmosphere
99
Facial nerve function
Motor (large)
Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, digastric (posterior belly), stylohyoid.
Sensory (smaller – intermediate nerve)
Taste (ant 2/3 tongue), parasympathetic (lacrimal glands, mucous glands of nasal cavity, hard and soft palates, sublingual and submandibular glands).
General sensation from external acoustic meatus and deeper parts of auricle.
100
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) funtction
somatic motor function, innervating most of the extra ocular muscles of the eyes; superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique as well as the levator palpebrae superioris muscle which raises the upper eye lid.
Parasympathetic – innervating the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscles of the eye constricting the iris/pupil (eg. during the pupillary light reflex)
101
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) f
Trochlear nerve (CN IV) has somatic motor function - providing innervation to the superior oblique muscle
102
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Abducens nerve (CN VI) has somatic motor function - providing innervation to the lateral rectus muscle.
103
Superior branch oculomotor nerve –innervation to
Superior rectus – elevates, adducts and medially rotates the eyeball
Levator palpabrae superioris – raises the upper eyelid
104
Inferior branch –innervation to
Inferior rectus – depresses adducts laterally rotates the eyeball
Medial rectus – adducts the eyeball
Inferior oblique – elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball
Parasympathetic fibres that constrict the iris/pupil
105
Trochlear Nerve
the superior oblique muscle which depresses and intorts the eye.
106
all 3 nerves
pass through the cavernous sinus and then enters the via the superior orbital fissure.
107
Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle which abducts the eye.
