injurrrryyyy

Question 1

what happens when cells are under stress or increase demand

Answer 1

they adapt

Question 2

if the adaptive cells are put under to much pressure and can’t adapt what happens

Answer 2

death

Question 3

lethal

Answer 3

cell death

Question 4

sublethal

Answer 4

produces injury not amounting to cell death

may be reversible or progress to death

Question 5

cell becomes larger

Answer 5

hypertrophy

Question 6

what 8 things cause cell injury

Answer 6

o2 deprivation 
chemical agent 
infectious agent 
immunological reaction   
genetic defect
nutritional imbalance (too much or little)
physical agent 
ageing

Question 7

infarction

Answer 7

cell death due to icheamia

Question 8

what does cellular response to injury depend on

Answer 8

type of injury
duration
severity

Question 9

consequence of injury depend on what

Answer 9

type or status

Question 10

what 4 intracellular system are vunrerable

Answer 10

cell membrane integrity
atp generation
protein synthesis
integrity of genetic apparatus

Question 11

what is atrophy

Answer 11

shrinking of cell or organ by loss of substance

brain in dementia

Question 12

physiological

Answer 12

a process that occurs in normal healthy peop;e

Question 13

pathological

Answer 13

part of disease process

happens with people with disease

Question 14

hypertrophy

Answer 14

size of cell increases and so the organ
can be physiologic or pathological
like uterus is normal and valve diorder or hypertension in heart

Question 15

what causes hypertrophy

Answer 15

increase function or specific hormone simulation

Question 16

hyperplasia

Answer 16

increase cell number in organ
can be physiological or pathological
phys can be from hormone or compensatory
path due to excessive hormonal or growth factor

Question 17

what causes phys hyperplasia

Answer 17

last answer,
uterus
after shedding in m then increase by mitosis

Question 18

path hyperplasia

Answer 18

cancer

Question 19

metaplasia

Answer 19

reversible change
when one adult cell type is replaced another
can be phys or path

Question 20

phys metaplasia

Answer 20

columnar changes sqamous in precy

caused by ph of v

Question 21

path metepalsia

Answer 21

barrett osephagus
sqamous become columnar
caused by acid reflux
reversed by antacids

Question 22

dysplasia

Answer 22

precancerous cell
show genetic features of malignancy
but do not invade underlying tissue
happens in barretts oesophagus

Question 23

reversible injury examples

Answer 23

fatty change and cellular swelling

Question 24

what happens in alcohol liver disease

Answer 24

develop fat in liver
reversible
go away when they stop
ballooning no cytoplasm, swell

Question 25

what are the 4 necrosis type

Answer 25

coagulative necrosis
liquefactive necrosis
caseous necrosis
fat necrosis

Question 26

what is coaglutive necrosis

Answer 26

the structure becomes fixed

Question 27

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 27

tissue becomes liquified

happens in brain commonly

Question 28

casoues necrosis

Answer 28

cheesy, oozy strcuture less

Question 29

fat necrosis

Answer 29

happens in acute pancreatis
digestive enzyme become activated in pancrease
they digesst tissue around it, also liquify fat s
it white microscopic as fat binds to calcium

Question 30

apoptosis

Answer 30

death of individual cell

Question 31

apoptois vs necrosis

Answer 31

no inflammation in apoptosis

Question 32

apoptosis

Answer 32

cell forms blobs but cell membrane intact \apoptopic body
macrophages pahgocytocyed
needs lots of atp to mantain cell integrity

Question 33

necrosis

Answer 33

cell membrane loses integrity, leak enzyme, other death die

so inflammation

Question 34

causes of apoptosis

Answer 34

embryogenisis
deleion of autoreactive t cells- prevents autiimmune disease
hormone dependent
cell deletion
mild injury irreverisble dna damage so suicide

Question 35

another progammed cell death

Answer 35

necroptosis

progammed cell death but with inflammation