Hofstede International perspectives of culture Flashcards
Power distance index
The degree of quality or inequality between people in society
High power distance index
Inequalities of power and wealth are apparent
Low power distance index
Equality and opportunity for everyone is stressed
Individualism
The degree that society reinforces individual or collective achievement and interpersonal relationships
High individualism
Individuality and individual rights are very important within society, with a large number of looser relationships
Low individualism
Collectivist nature with close ties between individuals where everyone takes responsibility for each other
Masculinity
The degree that society reinforces the traditional work role of male achievements, control and power
High masculinity
High degree of gender differentiation
Low masculinity
Low level of discrimination between genders
Uncertainty avoidance index
The level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society i.e. unstructured situations
High uncertainty avoidance index
Low tolerance - wants to create a rule orientated society that institutes laws, rules and regulations
Low uncertainty avoidance index
Less concern about ambiguity and more tolerance for a variety of options, accepting change and taking greater risks
Long term orientation (confucian dynamism)
The degree society embraces long-term devotion to traditional, forward thinking values
High long term orientation
The country prescribes long-term commitments and respect for tradition
Low long term orientation
Does not reinforce the concept of long-term traditional orientation. Change occurs more rapidly
