Chapter 3

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

The ability to get things done

Question 2

Legitimate power

Answer 2

The formal authority that belongs to the holder of the position, of which is derived from the duties attached to that position within an organisation

Question 3

Referent power

Answer 3

The ability of individuals to persuade and influence others, based on their charisma an interpersonal skills

Question 4

Expert power

Answer 4

Drivers from the skills or expertise of the person and the organisation’s need for those skills. This is usually high specific power limited to the particular areas in which they are trained

Question 5

Reward power

Answer 5

Depends on the ability of the holder to give rewards

Question 6

Coercive power

Answer 6

The power to penalise or punish, resulting in obedience from those under power

Question 7

Authority

Answer 7

The right to do something, or to ask someone else to do it and expect it to be done. A type of legitimate power

Question 8

Traditional authority

Answer 8

Derives from long-established customers, habits and social structures and is accepted and greed by society

Question 9

Rational-legal authority

Answer 9

Based on formal rules. It is attached to the position rather than to the individual

Question 10

Charismatic authority

Answer 10

Secured by the personality or acts of an inspirational person

Question 11

Delegation

Answer 11

Involves the passing of authority from one party to another. Responsibility remains with the original holder of authority

Question 12

Consultation delegation

Answer 12

Manager seeks views and input from others

Question 13

Explanation delegation

Answer 13

Manager provides instruction and guidance

Question 14

Abdication delegation

Answer 14

Manager leaves the task to others

Question 15

Custom and practice delegation

Answer 15

Although authority remains with the manager the form is that the tasks is performed by others

Question 16

Responsibility

Answer 16

The obligation of an individual to fulfill a task that they have been given. The ultimate responsibility cannot be delegated

Question 17

Accountability

Answer 17

The holding of an individual to account for the completion of tasks allocated to them

Question 18

Empowerment

Answer 18

The transfer of power to those actually involved in completing a task

Question 19

Bureaucracy

Answer 19

Power is defined very precisely with rules governing every action. Webber stated that bureaucratization was inevitable with organisational growth

Question 20

Esprit de corps

Answer 20

Harmony, cohesion among personnel. The principle of unit command should be observed and the dangers of divide and rule and the abuse of written communication should be avoided

Question 21

The hawthorne effect

Answer 21

There is a positive change in behaviour when people are faced with new or increased attention

Question 22

Mechanistic organisations

Answer 22

Clear definition of responsibilities and specialisation

Question 23

Organic organisations

Answer 23

Great emphasis on the importance of individuals and skills/attributes that they bring

Question 24

Unit and small batch production

Answer 24

Operate around a small group of skills workers and managers are close to the production process. Job satisfaction tends to be reasonable

Question 25

Large batch and small production

Answer 25

Big groups of semi-skilled workers with supervisors being responsible for a lot of employees. They often have poor industrial elations and morale problems

Question 26

Process technologies

Answer 26

Likely to have tall hierarchies but involve highly-skilled employees in discussion. There are more admin roles than in other hierarchies and morale is generally high

Question 27

Figurehead

Answer 27

Interpersonal; represents organisations at functions, conferences etc

Question 28

Leader

Answer 28

Interpersonal; firing, hiring, training, motivation staff, aligning individual and organisational goals

Question 29

Liaison

Answer 29

Interpersonal; liaising with both peers and subordinates

Question 30

Monitoring environment

Answer 30

Informational; gathering formal and information information

Question 31

Spokesperson

Answer 31

Informational to internal and external audiences

Question 32

Disseminator

Answer 32

Informational; Pass on relevant information to subordinates

Question 33

Entrepreneur

Answer 33

Decisional; initial projects

Question 34

Disturbance handler

Answer 34

Decisional; take decisions when there is a deviation form the plan

Question 35

Resource allocator

Answer 35

Decisional; distribute limited resources to achieve objectives

Question 36

Negotiator

Answer 36

Decisional; internally and externally