Homeostasis + Cell Membrane 1

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

The study of the normal functioning of living organisms

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

Collection of cells carrying out related functions

Question 3

What is emergent properties

Answer 3

Smaller parts that don’t exhibit “bigger” properties. Ex. Car parts that become an engine

Question 4

What is a functionist view?

Answer 4

“Why” ex. Why do red blood cells transport oxygen

Question 5

What is a mechanism view?

Answer 5

“How” ex how do red blood cells transport oxygen

Question 6

What is homeostasis?

Answer 6

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 7

What is a pathophysiological state?

Answer 7

A disease state

Question 8

What are external changes for homeostasis?

Answer 8

Toxic chemicals
Physical trauma
Foreign invaders (bacteria or viruses)

Question 9

What is an internal change in homeostasis?

Answer 9

Abnormal cell growth
Autoimmune disorders
Genetic disorders

Question 10

What does a change in homeostasis lead to?

Answer 10

First, organism attempts to compensate. If that fails, it leads to illness or disease

Question 11

Are most cells tolerant to changes in their surroundings?

Answer 11

Nope

Question 12

What are the 2 types of extracellular fluids?

Answer 12

Interstitial
Plasma

Question 13

What is a dynamic steady state?

Answer 13

Materials constantly moving back and fourth

Question 14

Define extracellular fluid

Answer 14

Extracellular fluid surrounds the cell and acts as a buffer between cells and the external environment

Question 15

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 15

The fluid surrounding cells

Question 16

What is plasma?

Answer 16

Liquid component of blood

Question 17

What is the law of mass balance

Answer 17

Amount of substance in the body is to remain constant

Question 18

When does something actually become internal in your body?

Answer 18

When it enters your extracellular fluid

Question 19

What are some inputs in the body? (Homeostasis)

Answer 19

Intestine, lungs, skin

Question 20

What are some outputs in the body? (Homeostasis)

Answer 20

Excretion by kidney, liver, lungs, skin

Question 21

Does homeostasis mean equilibrium? (Is every thing equal between the extracellular and intercellular fluid?)

Answer 21

No, goal is dynamic steady state (stable disequilibrium)

Question 22

What are the 2 control systems?

Answer 22

Local or reflex

Question 23

What is local control?

Answer 23

Small changes that are restricted to a small area of the body

Question 24

Which cells send local signals?

Answer 24

Endothelial

Question 25

Is reflex control long signalling or short signalling?

Answer 25

Long distance signalling

Question 26

Which control system for changes widespread throughout the body?

Answer 26

Reflex control

Question 27

Which control system controls blood pressure?

Answer 27

Reflex

Question 28

What are the two parts of reflex control?

Answer 28

Response loop Feedback loop

Question 29

What is the response loop?

Answer 29

First part of reflex control Stimulus, sensor..., response

Question 30

What is the feedback loop?

Answer 30

Second part of reflex control It is when the response impacts or influences the stimulus

Question 31

What are the 3 types of reflex control?

Answer 31

Negative feedback Positive feedback Feedforward control

Question 32

What does a negative feedback loop do? (2)

Answer 32

The response counteracts the stimulus, shutting off the response loop Stabilizes the system

Question 33

Is a negative feedback loop homeostatic?

Answer 33

Yes. Goal is to get back to normal

Question 34

Are positive feedback loops homeostatic?

Answer 34

Nope

Question 35

Which feedback loop requires an intervention to stop it from continuing?

Answer 35

Positive

Question 36

What does a positive feedback loop do?

Answer 36

Reinforces the stimulus to drive the system away from a normal value rather then removing it

Question 37

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Answer 37

Birth ( baby coming out is the intervention)

Question 38

What is feedforward control?

Answer 38

Body predicts that a change is about to occur.it is Initiated before the initial stimulus EX. Mouth salivating

Question 39

What are biorhythms?

Answer 39

Variables that change predictably and create repeating patterns or cycles of changes

Question 40

What is the average composition of the cell membrane? (3 parts)

Answer 40

55% protein 45% lipids Small amount of carbohydrates

Question 41

The more metabolically active the membrane is the more ___________ it contains

Answer 41

Protein

Question 42

What are the 3 types of lipids found in the cell membrane?

Answer 42

Phospholipid Sphingolipid Cholesterol

Question 43

What does it mean to be amphipathic?

Answer 43

One region that really likes water and one region that doesn't

Question 44

Polar heads of the bilayer are _________ (hydrophobic or hydrophilic )

Answer 44

Hydrophilic (it faces the liquid)

Question 45

Fatty acid tails of the bilayer are __________ ( hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

Answer 45

Hydrophobic (they face each other)

Question 46

Why is cholesterol needed in the cell membrane?

Answer 46

They make it more rigid because phospholipids are so fluid

Question 47

Which lipids are lipid rafts?

Answer 47

Sphingolipids

Question 48

What is the cell membrane also called?

Answer 48

Fluid mosaic model

Question 49

What are the 2 types of cell membrane proteins

Answer 49

Integral Peripheral

Question 50

What are lipid rafts important for?

Answer 50

Cell signalling

Question 51

What are the two integral proteins?

Answer 51

Transmembrane proteins Lipid anchored proteins