Midterm 2 Neuro 7

Question 1

What do the lighter regions of the brain represent?

Answer 1

White matter

Question 2

What do the darker regions of the brain represent?

Answer 2

Gray matter

Question 3

What’s the anatomy of the CNS?

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What does gray matter consist of?

Answer 4

Unmyelinated somas, dendrites and axons

Question 5

What does white matter consist of?

Answer 5

Myelinated axons

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the meninges ?

Answer 6

Pia mater
Arachnoid membrane
Dura mater

Question 7

What is the meninges for? What resides in it?

Answer 7

The parts of it surround the brain and spinal cord
The cerebral spinal fluid resides in it

Question 8

What does cerebral spinal fluid do?

Answer 8

It makes sure than bones don’t hit the brain /spinal cord

Question 9

Where does cerebral spinal fluid reside?

Answer 9

Meninges

Question 10

What’s the main role of the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Transferring information between the brain and periphery (skin, joints, organs)

Question 11

How many regions of the spinal cord are there?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What is a segment of the spinal cord? (Anatomy)

Answer 12

Section of spinal cord with 2 spinal nerves attached to it

Question 13

What are the 4 regions of spinal cord? How many segments in each region?

Answer 13

Cervical (8)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)

Question 14

What kind of information does the dorsal root carry?

Answer 14

Sensory (afferent)

Question 15

What kind of information does the ventral root carry?

Answer 15

Motor (efferent)

Question 16

What matter consists of sensory and motor nuclei?

Answer 16

Gray matter

Question 17

What is a ganglion?

Answer 17

Group of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 18

What is nuclei?

Answer 18

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

Question 19

What does white matter consist of in the brainstem?

Answer 19

Tracts of axons carrying information to and from the brain

Question 20

What does white matter consist of?

Answer 20

Tracts of axons carrying information to and from the brain

Question 21

What do ascending tracts do?

Answer 21

Carry sensory information to the brain

Question 22

What do descending tracts do?

Answer 22

Carry commands to motor neurons

Question 23

Where are ascending tracts located?

Answer 23

Dorsal and external lateral

Question 24

Where are descending tracts located

Answer 24

Ventral and interior lateral

Question 25

What is a spinal reflex?

Answer 25

It initiates a response without input from the brain

Question 26

Can the spinal cord act as the integrating center

Answer 26

Yes. To initiate a response to a stimulus without receiving input from the brain

Question 27

What is the spinal reflex particularly important for?

Answer 27

Body movement

Question 28

What's considered the ultimate emergent property?

Answer 28

The brain

Question 29

What are the components of the brainstem? Which one isn't shown?

Answer 29

Midbrain Pons Medulla ( reticular formation is not shown)

Question 30

What are the 6 major divisions of the brain

Answer 30

Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 31

Where do ascending and descending tracts run through?

Answer 31

The brainstem

Question 32

What is the reticular formation a part of?

Answer 32

Brainstem

Question 33

What is the reticular formation a part of?

Answer 33

Brainstem

Question 34

What is the midbrain also called?

Answer 34

Mesencephalon

Question 35

What is the midbrain's primary role?

Answer 35

Controlling eye movement

Question 36

Which part of the brainstem relays auditory and visual reflexes?

Answer 36

Midbrain

Question 37

Which part of the brainstem contains the substantia nigra?

Answer 37

Midbrain

Question 38

What does the substantial nigra do?

Answer 38

Unconscious muscle contractions

Question 39

What do the pons contain?

Answer 39

Nuclei and tracts

Question 40

What do the pons do? (2)

Answer 40

Relays information between the cerebellum and cerebrum Assists the medulla in the coordination of breathing

Question 41

Which matter contains the ascending and descending tracts?

Answer 41

White matter

Question 42

Where does crossover occur?

Answer 42

In the pyramids within the medulla

Question 43

What involuntary functions do the nuclei in the medulla control?

Answer 43

Cardiovascular center and the medullary respiratory center

Question 44

Which area of the brainstem contain the vomiting enter, deglutition center, and coughing, sneezing, and hicupping?

Answer 44

Medulla

Question 45

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 45

Nuclei that are dispersed throughout the brainstem that have similar functions.

Question 46

What is the reticular formation important for?

Answer 46

Consciousness, arousal, attention and alertness

Question 47

What is the cerebellum in-terms of size?

Answer 47

The second largest brain structure

Question 48

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 48

Processes sensory information related to movement and coordinates the execution of movement

Question 49

What's the main area that regulates posture and balance?

Answer 49

Cerebellum

Question 50

Where are approximately half of the neurons in the brain believed to be

Answer 50

Cerebellum

Question 51

What would damage to the cerebellum cause?

Answer 51

Shakiness

Question 52

What are the two primary structures of the diencephalon?

Answer 52

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 53

What are the two endocrine structures of the diencephalon?

Answer 53

Pineal gland and pituitary

Question 54

Where does almost all sensory information go through before going to its cortical area?

Answer 54

The thalamus

Question 55

What is the relay centre?

Answer 55

Thalamus

Question 56

What does the pineal gland do

Answer 56

Releases melatonin involved in sleep/wake

Question 57

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 57

The center for homeostasis

Question 58

Which part of the diencephalon contributes to glucose concentration, body temperature, and food intake?

Answer 58

Hypothalamus

Question 59

Is the hypothalamus or the thalamus bigger?

Answer 59

The thalamus is bigger

Question 60

Where does the diencephalon lie?

Answer 60

Between the brain stem and cerebrum