muscle 1

Question 1

what does the generation of force depend on for all muscle types

Answer 1

conversion of chemical energy (ATP)

Question 2

what is the pattern of skeletal muscles ?

Answer 2

striated, banded pattern

Question 3

are skeletal muscles uninucleated or multinucleated

Answer 3

multinucleated

Question 4

how does skeletal muscle work?

Answer 4

it is primarily voluntary by somatic motor neurons

Question 5

what is a somatic neuron?

Answer 5

conscious activity within the body

Question 6

how does cardiac muscle work?

Answer 6

it is primarily involuntary and spontaneous electrical activity

Question 7

how does cardiac muscle look?

Answer 7

striated and banded

Question 8

is cardiac muscle uninucleated or multinucleated

Answer 8

uninucleated

Question 9

what can cardiac muscle be altered by?

Answer 9

autonomic nervous system hormone s

Question 10

what is smooth muscle ?

Answer 10

primarily involuntary (autonomic control)
provides control off the internal organs

Question 11

what does smooth muscle look like?

Answer 11

non striated

Question 12

is smooth muscle uninucleated or multinucleated

Answer 12

uninucleated

Question 13

what’s the largest muscle group

Answer 13

skeletal muscle

Question 14

what is skeletal muscle attached to bones by

Answer 14

tendons

Question 15

where is the origin of a muscle

Answer 15

closest to the trunk

Question 16

what are antagonistic muscle group

Answer 16

flexor extensor pairs (bicep/triceps)

Question 17

what does a flexor do

Answer 17

brings bones together

Question 18

how much % does skeletal muscle take up in body weight

Answer 18

40

Question 19

what is the cell membrane in muscle

Answer 19

sarcolemma

Question 20

what’s the functional unit of a skeletal muscle

Answer 20

sarcomere

Question 21

what’s a thick filament

Answer 21

myosin

Question 22

whats a thin filament

Answer 22

actin

Question 23

whats the order of skeletal muscle

Answer 23

1. skeletal muscle
2. muscle facsicles
3. muscle fibre
4. myofibril
5. sarcomere (made up of myofilaments)

Question 24

which part of skeletal muscle is there 100s or 1000s of

Answer 24

myofibrils

Question 25

what binding site is on actin?

Answer 25

thick filaments (myosin)

Question 26

what's the backbone of a thin filament and what is its structure?

Answer 26

actin - it is a double stranded helix

Question 27

what is tropomyosins structure

Answer 27

two identical alpha helices that coil around each other and sit in the grooves of actin

Question 28

what does tropomyosin do

Answer 28

regulates the binding of myosin to actin

Question 29

what's the side structures on actin

Answer 29

tropomyosin and troponin complex

Question 30

what's the structure of the troponin complex

Answer 30

3 part protein T - binds to a single molecule of tropomyosin C - Ca2+ binding site I - bound to actin and inhibiting contraction

Question 31

how many actin molecules in between each troponin complex

Answer 31

7 actin molecules

Question 32

what is the structure of one myosin molecule

Answer 32

two intertwined heavy chains each heavy chain consists of 2 light chains

Question 33

what is the structure of 1 heavy chain head

Answer 33

there is a binding region for actin as well as a site for ATPase

Question 34

what are the two light chains on a myosin heavy chain

Answer 34

regulatory light chain essential light chain

Question 35

what does the regulatory light chain do

Answer 35

regulates ATPase activity

Question 36

what does the essential light chain do?

Answer 36

stabilizes the myosin head (structural protein)

Question 37

what are the additional proteins in a sarcomere (accessory structures within the sarcomere)

Answer 37

Nebulin and Titin

Question 38

what is nebulin

Answer 38

a large protein that interacts with thin filaments

Question 39

what does titin do

Answer 39

involved in stabilization of of thick filaments and the elastic recoil behaviour of muscles (they help to return muscle fibres back to initial position)

Question 40

what are transverse tubules

Answer 40

they are an inward extensions of the sarcolemma

Question 41

what is terminal cisternae

Answer 41

the thick swollen ends of the blue sarcoplasmic reticulum most calcium is stored in these regions

Question 42

what's special about glucose and muscle

Answer 42

it can only be used in skeletal muscle

Question 43

what is calcium for

Answer 43

we need calcium for muscle contractions

Question 44

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells compared to

Answer 44

the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 45

stores calcium

Question 46

what does a transverse tubule allow?

Answer 46

they allow an action potential that's generated in a muscle fibre to be propagated across the sarcolmma and then into the interior of a muscle fibre

Question 47

where are the sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules and terminal cistern located

Answer 47

inside a muscle fibre

Question 48

where is glucose stored?

Answer 48

within the sarcoplasm