CV6

Question 1

is vascular smooth muscle always in a state of contraction

Answer 1

yes

Question 1

where is the smooth muscle layer in a vascular smooth muscle

Answer 1

media (the middle one)

Question 2

what make up the microcirculation

Answer 2

arterioles, capillaries, and venules

Question 3

what is a metarteriole?

why isn’t it an arteriole

Answer 3

act as a bypass channel

not quite an arteriole because its not fully vascular smooth muscle

Question 4

what are precapillary sphincters

Answer 4

vascular smooth muscle at the junctions between the arterioles and capillaries

Question 5

what are the walls of arteries like

Answer 5

stiff and springy

Question 6

are metarterioles thicker or thinner than capillaries

Answer 6

thicker

Question 7

gases can normally ___________ across the endothelial cells

Answer 7

passively diffuse

Question 8

what are capillaries linked by

Answer 8

interendothelial junctions

Question 9

what are fenestrations? where are they located

Answer 9

pores along the membrane that allow transport

cells

Question 10

what are capillaries usually surrounded by

Answer 10

pericytes (like a blood brain barrier)

Question 11

what is the most common capillary

Answer 11

continuous capillary

Question 12

which capillary does not contain fenestrations

Answer 12

continuous

Question 13

which capillary has the least amount of transport and exchange

Answer 13

continuous

Question 14

which capillaries have fenestrations

Answer 14

fenestrated and discontinued

Question 15

which capillaries have a thin diaphragm making them selective

Answer 15

fenestration capillaries

Question 16

which capillaries are found in the liver and spleen

Answer 16

discontinuous (sinusoidal)

Question 17

what are the three methods of transport in capillaries

Answer 17

transcellular transport
paracellular transport
transcytosis

Question 18

what is transcellular transport in capillaries

Answer 18

diffusion across the endothelial cell membrane
(aquaporin channels)

Question 19

what is paracellular transport in capillaries

Answer 19

diffusion through inter endothelial junctions, pores, or fenestration

Question 20

what is transcytosis In capillaries

Answer 20

endocytosis, vesicular transport, etc

Question 21

are there more veins or arteries

Answer 21

more veins. that is why they are the volume reservoir

Question 22

do arteries or veins have a thinner layer of vascular smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Answer 22

veins do

Question 23

what is angiogenesis

Answer 23

the formation of new blood vessels

Question 24

is adult microcirculation constant

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

what is a major driver of blood vessel growth

Answer 25

vascular endothelial growth factor

Question 26

what circuit is blood pressure related to

Answer 26

systemic circuit

Question 27

why are arteries the pressure reservoirs

Answer 27

they ensure that blood continues to flow even during ventricular relaxation there is a pressure gradient at all times because they store pressure in elastic walls

Question 28

when is aortic pressure highest

Answer 28

ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 29

how to calculate pulse pressure

Answer 29

pulse pressure = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Question 30

where does pulse pressure usually exist

Answer 30

the arterial/arteriole side of the circuit

Question 31

can a pressure wave be felt

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

what is the mean arterial blood pressure

Answer 32

reflects the driving pressure for blood flow (commonly measured in bicep as a reflection of ventricle driving pressure

Question 33

mean arterial blood pressure calculation

Answer 33

map = Diastolic + 1/3 (systolic - diastolic)

Question 34

is the MAP an average of systolic and diastolic pressures? why or why not

Answer 34

no, because the time spent in systole is shorter than the time spent in diastolic

Question 35

what is hypotension

Answer 35

when the blood pressure is chronically toon low (lower than 90/60)

Question 36

what is hypertension

Answer 36

when the blood pressure is chronically higher (over 140/90)

Question 37

what is a blood leak in the brain called ? what is it caused by

Answer 37

cerebral hemorrhage could be because of hypertension leading to weakened vessel walls

Question 38

what is blood pressure estimated by

Answer 38

sphygmomanometer

Question 39

what is a Karotkoff sound? what is it caused by

Answer 39

it is the audible sound of whooshing of blood it is caused by pulsatile blood flow through the compressed artery