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Lecture Exam 5 > Homework 13 > Flashcards

Homework 13 Flashcards

1
Q

The Krebs cycle and electron transport system make up this type of respiration

A

Cellular respiration

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2
Q

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes between the alveoli and blood and between the blood and body cells makes up this type of respiration

A

External respiration

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3
Q

The mechanics of breathing is technically called

A

Ventilation

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4
Q

Similar to the arterioles in the cardiovascular system these structures of the respiratory system can constrict and dilate to adjust air flow as needed

A

Bronchioles

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5
Q

These are alveolar cells are responsible for producing surfactant

A

Type II alveolar

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6
Q

This law states that the sum of the pressure of a mixed gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mix

A

Dalton’s law

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7
Q

As volume increases pressure decreases and vice-versa this statement is the basis of this law

A

Boyle’s law

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8
Q

If atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure what will occur

A

Inspiration

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9
Q

These alveolar cells are the location for the movement of gases between the blood and the lungs

A

Type 1 alveolar

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10
Q

Increased respiration that matches an increase in metabolism as seen during exercise is called

A

Hyperpnea

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11
Q

Atmospheric air contains this percentage of oxygen

A

21%

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12
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is approximately _____ mmHg

A

100

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13
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in Venous blood (systemic) of a resting individual is approximately _____ mmHg

A

40

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14
Q

The partial pressure of CO2 in systemic arterial blood is approximately _____ mmHg

A

40

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15
Q

The partial pressure of CO2 in the blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit is approximately _____%

A

46%

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16
Q

Are found in each lung and Branch repeatedly into progressively smaller and smaller branches

A

Bronchi

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17
Q

Increase resistance to airflow decrease the amount of fresh air that reaches alveoli is called

A

Bronchioconstriction

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18
Q

Decreased resistance of airflow most often caused by paracrine signaling molecule CO2

A

Bronchodilation

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19
Q

Exhalation, movement of air out of the lungs

A

Expiration

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20
Q

Increased respiratory rate and or volume without increased metabolism (example blowing up a balloon)

A

Hyperventilation

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21
Q

Decreased alveolar ventilation (shallow breathing, asthma, restrictive lung disease)

A

Hypoventilation

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22
Q

Gases move from one place to another based on the _____ gradient

A

Pressure

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23
Q

The extent to which a gas dissolved in solutions reflects the _____ of the gas

A

Solubility

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24
Q

Gases move across cell membranes by this process

A

Simple diffusion

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25
Most oxygen is transported in the blood as
Oxyhemoglobin
26
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as
Bicarbonate
27
The name given to a hemoglobin with CO2 attached is
Carbaminohemoglobin
28
The strength of the attraction between a protein (ex hemoglobin ---> oxygen) and it's Ligand is called
Affinity
29
The unbinding of a ligand from a protein is called
Dissociation
30
The degree to which a protein is full of its ligand is called
Saturation
31
As affinity increases dissociation _____ (increase or decrease)
Decreases
32
As dissociation increases saturation _____ (increases or decreases)
decreases
33
Decreased acidity (increases or decreases) dissociation of hbo2
Decreases
34
Increased temperature (increases or decreases) saturation of hbo2
Decreases
35
Increase 2, 3 DPG will (increase or decrease) association of hbo2
Increases
36
Increased pco2 (increases or decreases) saturation of hbo2
Decreases
37
This is the complex formed within red blood cells when hemoglobin is exposed to carbon monoxide
Carboxyhemoglobin
38
Of the factors that affect diffusion this one is most affected in someone with emphysema
Surface area
39
This diffusion related factor is negatively affected in pulmonary edema
Diffusion distance
40
Fibrotic lung disease is one example in which this Factor related to diffusion is negatively affected
Membrane thickness
41
This enzyme is essential for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood
Carbonic anhydrase
42
This type of hypoxia results when there is reduced blood flow to an area
Ischemic
43
The elevated amounts of carbon dioxide above normal is called
Hypercapnia
44
The integrating center for regulating ventilation is
Medulla oblongata
45
This type of receptor will detect the levels of CO2 O2 or hydrogen ions in the blood of cerebrospinal fluid
Chemoreceptors
46
The efferent pathway in a feedback loop involving ventilation will be
Somatic motor neuron
47
_____ Cells are The receptors for oxygen in the carotid body
Glomus
48
This is the medical term for toxic to tissues
Histotoxic
49
A decrease in alveolar and blood carbon dioxide levels below the normal reference range of 35 mmHg is called
Hypocapnia
50
What step would this be in a feedback loop Somatic motor neuron
Efferent pathway
51
What step would this be in a feedback loop involving respiratory system Smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles
Effector
52
What step would this be in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system Skeletal muscle cells of the diaphragm
Effector
53
What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system Sensory neurons
Afferent pathway
54
What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system Parasympathetic neurons
Efferent pathway
55
What step with this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory Medulla oblongata
Integrating center
56
What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system Interneurons
Afferent pathway
57
What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this represent Increased rate and depth of ventilation
Effectors action
58
What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system Epinephrine in the bloodstream
Efferent pathway
59
What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this Chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery
Sensor
60
What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this represent Bronchioconstriction
Effectors action

Lecture Exam 5 (5 decks)

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