Hoofdstuk 12 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Emotional prejudice
beyond positive–negative evaluation (attitudes), include distinct emotions such as fear, disgust, envy, pity, anxiety, and resentment.
stereotype content model (SCM)
posits two fundamental dimensions of social cognition, warmth (friendly, trustworthy) and competence (capability), with groups arrayed across the two-dimensional space.
BIAS (Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes) map
extends the stereotype content model into discriminatory actions.
predicts that emotions more strongly and directly predict behaviors (google)
Intergroup emotions theory (IET)
describes emotional assessments on behalf of one’s ingroup, as an extension of appraisal theories of emotion.
appraisal theories of emotions
describe people as evaluating stimuli initially as good-for-me versus bad-for-me, resulting in primitive positive–negative reactions.
Enemy images theory
posits that national and ethnic stereotypes fit dimensions of relative status, relative power, and goal compatibility
biocultural approach
views intergroup threat from a sociofunctional evolutionary perspective, emphasizing human interdependence, effective group functioning, and individual adaptation to the benefits and threats of group life.
integrated threat theory (ITT)
incorporates many intergroup variables but focuses on one major emotion, anxiety, to predict attitudes.
probeert de componenten van waargenomen dreiging te beschrijven die tot vooroordelen tussen sociale groepen leiden. (google)
dissociation model
prejudice first contrasted automatic and controlled attitudes toward outgroups.
suggests that stereotypes are a ‘default’ response for both high and low prejudice groups (google)
motivation to avoid prejudice
a value-based compunction not to express intergroup biases.
Phenotype
(appearance) often determines racial categorization.
intergroup contact
describes encountering an outgroup – under certain conditions, reducing prejudice.
role congruity theory
describes how observing the correlation between gender and roles leads to prejudices against women (and men) in nontraditional roles.
prescriptive stereotypes
what a group should be.
descriptive stereotype
what a group allegedly is
parental investment models
posits that women commit more resources to parenthood because of pregnancy, lactation, and the opportunity costs they entail for reproduction
Social role theory
describes how observing the correlation between gender and roles leads to gender stereotypes.
biosocial approach
takes into account both genetic, physical differences among people and societal norms shaping their behavior, most applied to explaining gender roles, stereotypes, and prejudices.
Terror management theory (TMT)
addresses how people cope with the dread of death when it comes to mind. TMT holds that people are biologically driven for self-preservation, and the threat of death is managed at both the cultural level, by developing worldviews that provide meaning and purpose, and at the individual level, through self-esteem.
