Hormones

Question 1

GnRH (Gonadotropin- releasing hormone)

Answer 1

-released by hypothalamus
-targets pituitary gland
-stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce gonadotropin hormones follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 2

CRH (Corticotrophin- releasing hormone)

Answer 2

-released by hypothalamus
-targets adrenal cortex
-suppressed appetite, increases anxiety, and improves memory and selective attention

Question 3

TRH (Thyrotropin- releasing hormone)

Answer 3

-released by hypothalamus
-targets anterior pituitary
-controls body metabolic rate, heat generation, neuromuscular function and heart rate

Question 4

GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone

Answer 4

-released by pituitary gland
-targets pituitary and brain
-stimulate the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone into the bloodstream

Question 5

Prolactin (also known as lactotropin)

Answer 5

-released by the pituitary gland
-targets the mammary gland
-milk production, and the development of mammary glands within breast tissues

Question 6

TSH (thyroid- stimulating hormone)

Answer 6

-released by the anterior pituitary gland
-targets the thyroid gland
-thyroxine secretion, stimulates thyroid hormone secretion through enhancing iodide uptake, thyroglobulin synthesis, and throperozidase activity

Question 7

ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

Answer 7

-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets adrenal cortex
-cortisol secretion

Question 8

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Answer 8

-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets ovaries/ testes (Leydig cells)
-ovulation, luteinization of follicles/ testosterone secretion

Question 9

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Answer 9

-released by anterior pituitary gland
-targets ovaries/ testes (tubules)
-ovarian follicle growth, estrogen secretion/ spermatogenesis

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

-released by posterior pituitary gland
-targets uterine smooth muscle, mammary gland
-uterine contraction during childbirth and lactation

Question 11

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 11

• released by posterior pituitary gland
  -targets kidney tubules, smooth muscles in arterioles
  -water excretion, blood pressure, decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water in kidneys

Question 12

T3 (triiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine)

Answer 12

-released by thyroid
-targets most tissue
-increases metabolic rate, growth and development

Question 13

calcintonin

Answer 13

-released by thyroid
-targets bone
-plasma calcium and phosphate (lowers); helps regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it

Question 14

parathyroid hormone (PTH1)

Answer 14

-released by parathyroid
-targets bone, kidneys, intestine
-plasma calcium and phosphate (elevates); regulates calcium levels in blood by increasing the levels when they are low

Question 15

cortisol

Answer 15

-released by adrenal cortex
-targets all tissues, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas
-metabolism, response to stress and exercise; regulates a wide range of vital processes through the body

Question 16

aldosterone

Answer 16

-released by adrenal cortex
-targets primarily kidneys
-sodium, potassium, and pH balance; helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body

Question 17

epinephrine

Answer 17

-released by adrenal medulla
-targets lungs, hearts, blood vessels, and alpha- beta adrenoreceptors in muscles
-induces increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator muscle contraction, and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction

Question 18

Norepinephrine

Answer 18

-released by adrenal medulla
-targets alpha- beta adrenoreceptors in the blood vessels
-increased alertness, heart rate and blood pumping from the heart

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

-released by testes
-targets reproductive organs
-reproductive development also has effects on behavior

Question 20

Estradiol

Answer 20

-released by ovaries
-targets cells in the blood
-acts on the estrogen receptors to relieve vasomotor systems such as hot flashes and urogenital symptoms

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

-released by placenta
-targets corpus luteum; breast, uterus, brain, central nervous system and cardiovascular system
-Breakdown of corpus pregnancy; prepares the body for pregnancy

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

-released by pancreas
-targets most tissues, notably muscle and liver, adipose tissue
-glucose utilization; blood glucose), allows cells in the muscles, fat and liver to absorb glucose that is in the blood

Question 23

Glucagon

Answer 23

-released by pancreas
-targets primarily liver
-blood glucose (elevates); triggers your liver to convert stored glucose into an unstable form and then release it into your bloodstream

Question 24

Erythropoetin

Answer 24

-released by kidney
-targets red blood cells
-stimulate red blood cell production