Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physicology > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How does water move across cell mebranes

A

Simple and facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can set up pressure gradients that drives a net movement across the membrane

A

osmotically active solutes
-only happens if the cell is more permeable to water than it is to solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

-excretion of nitrogenous water ( mostly urea for humans)
-homestatic regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

homestatic regulation of

A

-extracellular fluid volume
-blood pressure
-blood osmolarity
-blood ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three main forms of nitrogenous waste

A

-ammonia
-urea
-uric acid
humans produce all three but most in circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ammonia

A

highly soluble in water, basic, highly toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

urea

A

only slightly less soluble, neutral, much less toxic
-form of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

uric acid

A

solid and largely insoluble in water, acidic , non-toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gout

A

uric acid crystals in joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

four stages of urine produciton

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

filtration

A

blood moves through the glomerulus under pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do materials exit the glomerulus

A

by passing through perforation s in the capillary wall and silts formed between podocyte cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

blood capsule

A

nut or sac of blood vessels that usually have fenestrated walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is flow rate controlled

A

via the blood pressure in the glomerules (+/+) and colloid osmotic pressure (+/_)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is blood pressure controlled

A

relative size of afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

efferent

A

postive flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

afferent

A

negative flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens when colloid proteins are in the blood

A

causes an osmotic gradient that pulls materials back towards the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reabsorption

A

many substances are removed from the urine and returned to the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

two mechanisms for reabsorption

A
  1. epithelial transport ( transcellular transport)
    2.paracellular pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

secretion

A

-transfer of molecules from extracellular fluid into lumen of the nephron (active process)
-important in homeostatic regulation(K and H)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

increasing secretion enhances

A

nephron excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

many substances are concentrated in the

A

urine via active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

urine is held in the bladder until

A

micturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

micturion

A
26
Q

excretion

A

-once urine leaves the collecting duct it can no longer be chemically modified
-urine from all the nephrons collects in the renal pelvis

27
Q

how is urine pushed into the bladder

A

by smooth muscle contractions in ureters

28
Q

how is excretion controlled

A

by spinal reflex that is inhibited by the brain

29
Q

how is micturition controlled

A

by spinal reflex that is inhibited by the brain

30
Q

how is urine volume and osmolarity controlled

A

by two different endocrine pathways
-ADH( antidiuretic hormone) - promotes water reabsorption
-RAAS ( renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)- promotes Na+ reabsorption

31
Q

where & why is ADH released

A

-posterior pituitary gland
-when blood volumen decreases and blood osmolarity increases

32
Q

what does the ADH do

A

promotes reabsorption of water from the urine by increasing aquaporin density on the cells lining the collecting duct

33
Q

How is the RAAS pathway triggered

A

when blood pressure decreases

34
Q

what does the release of aldosterone do

A

promotes reabsoroption of Na+ from the urine by increasing production of ion channels and pumps

35
Q

normal pH of plasma

A

7.38-7.42

36
Q

acidosis

A

neurons become less excitable; CNS depression (can be related to K+ deficiency)
-H+ is excreted
-HCO3- and K+ are reabsorbed

37
Q

alkalosis

A

hyperexcitedable
-HCO3- and K+ are excreted
-H+ is reabsorbed

38
Q

abnormal pH affects

A

nervous system

39
Q

why is H+ concentrated closely regulated

A

changes can alter protein shape.

40
Q

how can corrections be made

A

altering activity of the respiratory and excertory systems

41
Q

buffers

A

-moderate changes in pH
-combine with or release H+
-cellular proteins, phosphate ions, hemoglobin, bicarbonate

42
Q

ventilation

A

-rapid response
-corrects 75% of disturbances, can also cause them

43
Q

renal regulation

A

-directly by excreting and reabsorbing H+
-indirectly by changing in the rate at which HCO-3 buffer is reabsorbed or excreted

44
Q

urolithaisis

A

presence of kidney stones or urinary caliculi

45
Q

kidney stones are from

A

materials that are excreted from kidneys
-usually dissolved in urine but can form precipitate that causes stones

46
Q

most common kidney stones

A

calcium stone
-formed from calcium phophate or calcium oxalate

47
Q

pain assocaited with the blockage of the urinary tract by kidney stone

A

renal colic

48
Q

main componets of urinary system

A

kidneys
ureter
bladder
urethra

49
Q

kidneys

A

primary organ; filter blood, remove waste, excrete waste in urine

50
Q

ureters

A

carries urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

51
Q

bladder

A

temporay storage of urine

52
Q

urethra

A

final passage way for the flow of urine

53
Q

nitrite in urine

A

indicted UTI; bacterial infection in urinary tact

54
Q

protein in urine

A

indicate proteinuria or albuminuria, sign kidneys are damaged
-protein leaked through kidney filters into urine

55
Q

ketones

A

indicated body is acidic, cells cant get enough glucose
-body breaks down fat for energy produces ketone whihc can build up in blood and urine

56
Q

creatinine

A

indicates diabetes, high muslce tone, problem with kidney
-normal waste product in the body produces everyday during muscle movement and when digesting meat

57
Q

specific gravity

A

indicates mild dehydration

58
Q

why would water aid in prevention of developing future kideny stones

A

dilutes urine concetrates and decreases urine acidic; more water intake helps flush away minerals that might form stones

59
Q

the kidney is divinded into

A

outer cortex and inner medulla

60
Q

urine leaving the nephrons flows into

A

the renal pelvis prior to passing through the ureter into the bladdeer

61
Q

what creates a three layer filtraion barrier

A

glomerular capillary endothelium, basal lamia,and bowmans capsule

Human Physicology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions