Host-Parasite Relationships

Question 1

Intracellular parasites can be ____ or ____

Answer 1

Facultative or Obligate

Question 2

Facultative parasites can live ____

Answer 2

Within OR Outside a cell (bacteria)

Question 3

Obligate parasites can live ____

Answer 3

Within a cell ONLY (viruses)

Question 4

Parasites NOT harbored within a cell are termed ____

Answer 4

Extracellular parasites

Question 5

Successful Parasitism

Answer 5

The host is un-injured +
The host resistance prevents further incursion of the parasite +
The parasite adopts to new environment

Question 6

Host and parasite MUTUALLY benefit

Answer 6

Symbiosis

Question 7

Host OR parasite benefit, the other is unaffected

Answer 7

Commensalism

Question 8

Host or parasite INJURED; other is unaffected

Answer 8

Amensalism

Question 9

Disease caused by indigenous microorganisms

Answer 9

Endogenous Infectious disease

Question 10

Disease caused by non-indigenous microorganisms

Answer 10

Exogenous Infectious disease

Question 11

Two examples of endogenous infectious disease

Answer 11

Caries

Periodontal Disease

Question 12

Ability of a parasite to produce an infectious disease

Answer 12

Pathogenicity

Question 13

Degree of pathogenicity

Answer 13

Virulence

Question 14

Substances known to play a role in production of a disease

Answer 14

Virulent factorss

Question 15

Ability of microbes to penetrate tissue

Answer 15

Invasiveness

Question 16

What three attributes must a parasite have to produce disease?

Answer 16

1. Ability to metabolize and Multiply in or on host tissue
2. Resist host defense mechanisms
3. Secrete toxin

Question 17

____ is a “major” defense against microorganisms

Answer 17

Phagocytosis

Question 18

____ and ____ are “major groups” of phagocytic cells

Answer 18

Macrophages

Monocytes

Question 19

Macrophages form the ____ line of defense

Answer 19

Second

Question 20

Unlike neutrophils, macrophages ____

Answer 20

Divide

Question 21

Fused macrophages form _____

Answer 21

Giant cells

Question 22

T/F All giant cells are derived from Macrophages

Answer 22

False. Some giant cells are formed by virus.

Question 23

What are two consequences of microbial invasion

Answer 23

1. Protracted intervention by macrophages

2. Granuloma formation

Question 24

Neutrophils are found mostly in ____ and ____

Answer 24

Blood

Bone marrow

Question 25

In blood Neutrophil half-life is _____ | In tissue Neutrophil half-life is _____

Answer 25

A few days | A few hours

Question 26

Neutrophils form the ____ line of defense

Answer 26

First | In their absence, bacteremia and death occur rapidly

Question 27

Complement C3a & C5a Lymphokines Prostaglandins

Answer 27

Chemotactic factors

Question 28

Antibodies and complement ____ hydrophobicity

Answer 28

Increase

Question 29

Heat stable opsonins include ____ and ____

Answer 29

IgG IgM (still stable at 56°C after 20-30 min)

Question 30

Heat labile opsonins include ____ and ____

Answer 30

C3b C5a (break down at 56°C after 20-30 min)

Question 31

Basic proteins Hydrolytic enzymes Lactoferrin

Answer 31

Non-oxidative mechanism of intracellular killing

Question 32

H202 generation H2O2 - MPO - Halide system Superoxide generation

Answer 32

Oxidative mechanisms of intracellular killing