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Human Structure - Block 2 > HS2-7 Parotid Temporal Infratemporal Regions > Flashcards

HS2-7 Parotid Temporal Infratemporal Regions Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the parotid region?

A

retromandibular fossa

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2
Q

Where is the parotid region located?

A

posterior to ramus of mandible but anteroinferior to ear

[essentially, where the parotid gland is located]

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3
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the body?

A

parotid gland

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4
Q

What structure is found just deep to the parotid gland?

A

masseter muscle

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5
Q

What structure permits the passage of saliva from the parotid gland to the oral cavity?

A

parotid duct

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6
Q

Describe the pathway of the parotid duct.

A

crosses masseter

pierces buccinator

enters oral cavity @ parotid papilla (opposite second upper molar)

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7
Q

List five major structures that run through the parotid gland.

A

facial nerve

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3)

external carotid artery

superficial temporal artery

retromandibular vein

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8
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery? (2)

A

superficial temporal artery

maxillary artery

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9
Q

The superficial temporal artery runs alongside what structure?

A

runs alongside the auriculotemporal nerve on the side of the head

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10
Q

What structures form the retromandibular vein? (2)

A

superficial temporal vein

maxillary vein

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11
Q

The retromandibular vein drains into

A

internal or external jugular veins

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12
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland. (3)

A

parasympathetic fibers run with CN IX (tympanic branch, then lesser petrosal nerve)

synapse at otic ganglion in infratemporal fossa

postganglionic fibers travel w/ auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland

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13
Q

What is gustatory sweating?

A

excessive sweating, flushing, or feelings of warmth in response to gustatory stimuli

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14
Q

What causes gustatory sweating?

A

aberrant innervation of sweat glands by regrowing parasympathetic fibers associated with the auriculotemporal nerve that were previously damaged

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

A

superiorly = temporal lines

inferiorly = superior border of zygoma

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16
Q

The temporal fossa includes what 4 bones that form the skull?

A

frontal

parietal

temporal

sphenoid

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17
Q

What is the major structure associated with the temporal fossa?

A

temporalis muscle

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18
Q

What is the largest muscle of mastication?

A

temporalis

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19
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

temporal fossa

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?

A

coronoid process of mandible

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21
Q

What innervates the temporalis muscle?

A

branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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22
Q

What provides arterial supply to the temporalis muscle?

A

deep temporal arteries (from maxillary artery)

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A

ramus of mandible (lateral)

greater wing of sphenoid bone (superior)

lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone (medial)

maxilla (anterior)

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24
Q

Gustatory sweating is often seen after what surgical procedure?

A

parotidectomy

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25
List the interconnections of the infratemporal fossa. (5)
connected to orbit via inferior orbital fissure connected to middle cranial fossa via foramina ovale + spinosum connected to temporal fossa connected to pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure directly connected to oral cavity
26
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa? (7)
medial pterygoid muscle lateral pterygoid muscle branches of V3 otic ganglion chorda tympani branches of maxillary artery pterygoid plexus of veins
27
The muscles of mastication are innervated by
branches of V3
28
The muscles of mastication produce movement at which joint?
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
29
Explain how the masseter contributes to mastication.
elevates the mandible and therefore closes the mouth
30
Explain how the temporalis muscle contributes to mastication. (2)
anterior portion elevates the mandible and therefore closes mouth posterior portion retracts mandible
31
Explain how the medial pterygoid muscle contributes to mastication.
elevates the mandible and therefore closes the mouth
32
Explain how the lateral pterygoid muscle contributes to mastication. (2)
bilaterally protracts mandible unilaterally swings jaw to contralateral side for chewing movements
33
How does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) enter the infratemporal fossa?
through the foramen ovale
34
In what structure does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) give off its branches?
infratemporal fossa
35
List the (branchial) motor branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). (3)
4 nerves to muscles of mastication mylohyoid nerve nerves to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
36
The mylohyoid nerve provides innervation to which structures? (2)
motor innervation to mylohyoid muscle motor innervation to anterior belly of digastric
37
The mylohyoid nerve is a branch of
the inferior alveolar nerve, which in turn is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
38
List the general sensory branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
auriculotemporal nerve inferior alveolar nerve mental nerve long buccal nerve meningeal branch lingual nerve
39
What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve? (3)
sensory innervation to lower dentition gives off mylohyoid nerve source of mental nerve
40
What is the mental nerve?
continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve after it exits mental foramen
41
What is the function of the mental nerve?
sensory innervation to chin region and lower lip
42
What is the function of the long buccal nerve?
innervates skin on lateral side of face overlying buccinator innervates mucous membranes on medial aspect of buccinator
43
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the buccinator?
facial nerve
44
What is the function of the meningeal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)?
sensory innervation of dura mater
45
What is the function of the lingual nerve? (3)
sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue carries taste fibers via chorda tympani carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from chorda tympani to submandibular ganglion
46
What is an inferior alveolar nerve block?
anesthetic procedure used to block the inferior alveolar, lingual, and mental nerves in the lower dental quadrant to repair a cavity
47
What are the three parts of the maxillary artery? Identify their boundaries.
1st = posterior to lateral pterygoid 2nd = adjacent to lateral pterygoid 3rd = deep to lateral pterygoid
48
49
What arteries come off the first part of the maxillary artery?
inferior alveolar artery = into mandible = via mandibular foramen middle meningeal artery = into cranial cavity = via foramen spinosum
50
What arteries come off the second part of the maxillary artery?
deep temporal artery = to muscles of mastication
51
What artery supplies the muscles of mastication?
deep temporal artery
52
What arteries come off the third part of the maxillary artery?
infraorbital artery = to orbit = via infraorbital foramen
53
What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxilla (anterior) pterygoid process of sphenoid bone (posterior) palatine bone (medial)
54
What depresses the mandible? (3)
gravity suprahyoid muscles infrahyoid muscles
55
Which muscles of mastication are *not* located in the infratemporal fossa?
masseter temporalis
56
The TMJ is split into what two spaces? List the function of these two spaces.
_articular disc_ splits TMJ into: superior space = protraction and retraction inferior space = elevation and depression
57
When is maximal depression of the TMJ achieved?
when protracted
58
List the connections of the pterygopalatine fossa. (6)
to orbit via orbital fissure to middle cranial fossa via foramen rotundum to pterygoid canal to palate via greater/lesser palatine foramina to nasal cavity via sphenopalatine foramen to infratemporal fossa
59
How do preganglionic fibers travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel along with greater petrosal nerve (CN VII) to synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion
60
How do postganglionic fibers travel from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
travel with branches of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
61
How does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2), which provides sensory innervation, enter the skull?
via the foramen rotundum
62
Which nervous structures exit via the pterygopalatine fossa?
sensory branches from CN V2 postganglionic sympathetic fibers postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
63
Where is the temporomandibular joint located?
between mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of temporal bone
64
What kind of joint is the TMJ joint?
synovial joint (has an articular disc composed of fibrocartilage)
65
Which muscles protract the TMJ?
lateral pterygoid
66
Which muscles retract the TMJ?
posterior fibers of temporalis
67
Which muscles elevate the TMJ? (3)
anterior fibers of temporalis masseter medial pterygoid
68
Which muscles depress the TMJ?
suprahyoids infrahyoids (initiate depression to open mouth) lateral pterygoid
69
Which muscles produce side-to-side movements of the TMJ?
alternating, unilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoids
70
What is the significance of the pterygopalantine ganglion?
innervation to lacrimal and mucus glands
71
What is the pathway of innervation to the lacrimal glands via the pterygopalatine ganglion?
greater petrosal nerve (from CN VII) carries parasympathetic fibers through pterygopalatine canal synapses with pterygopalatine ganglion runs with branch of CN V2 (zygomatic nerve), then runs with branch of CN V1 (lacrimal nerve) to reach lacrimal gland
72
What is the pathway of innervation to the mucus glands via the pterygopalatine ganglion?
greater petrosal nerve (from CN VII) carries parasympathetic fibers through pterygopalatine canal synapses with pterygopalatine ganglion runs with branch of CN V2 to nasal cavity, palate, and pharynx
73
What is the function of the sympathetic fibers found in the pterygopalatine fossa? Give an example of a nerve associated with the sympathetic fibers of the pterygopalatine fossa.
vasoconstriction [they do NOT synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, they synapse at superior cervical ganglion] example: deep petrosal nerve
74
What is the relationship between the maxillary artery and the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa, but its branches exit
75
What is the relationship between CN V2 and the pterygopalatine fossa?
maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa, but its branches exit
76
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the infraorbital fissure? (3)
infraorbital artery infraorbital nerve zygomatic nerve
77
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the sphenopalatine foramen? (3)
sphenopalatine artery nasopalatine nerve posterior superior nasal nerve
78
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the palatine canal? (5)
greater palatine artery descending palatine artery lesser palatine nerve greater palatine nerve lesser palatine artery
79
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pharyngeal canal? (2)
pharyngeal artery pharyngeal nerve
80
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pterygoid canal? (2)
nerve of pterygoid canal artery of pterygoid canal
81
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pterygomaxillary fissure? (2)
maxillary artery posterior superior alveolar nerve
82
Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2
83
What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?
origin = zygomatic arch insertion = lateral side of mandibular angle
84
What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?
origin = sphenoid insertion = condylar neck of mandible + capsule of TMJ
85
What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid?
origin = sphenoid insertion = medial side of mandibular angle

Human Structure - Block 2 (22 decks)

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