HTN

Question 1

How many Americans have HTN

Answer 1

75 million

1 in every 3

Question 2

1 in every 3 American adults’ have

Answer 2

prehypertension

Question 3

Pirmary HTN

Answer 3

No identify cause
Chronic, progressive
30% of adults

Question 4

what groups are at higher risk for prehypertension

Answer 4

Older people higher risk than younger people
Black Americans than white Americans
Post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women

Question 5

Risk factors for HTN

Answer 5

Age
Obesity
Family history
Race
Reduced nephron #
High-sodium diet
Excessive alcohol consumption 
Physical activity

Question 6

Secondary HTN

Answer 6

Elevation of BP due to an identifiable cause

Question 7

Examples of identifiable cause for secondary HTN

Answer 7

Prescription or OTC (oral contraception, NSAIDs, anti-depressants, corticosteroids, decongestants, some weight-loss medications, stimulants, etc).
Illicit drug use
Primary renal disease
Primary aldosteronism
Renovascular HTN
Obstructive sleep apnea
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Coarctation of the aorta

Question 8

Complications of HTN

Answer 8

Significant increase in risk of adverse CV and renal outcomes

Question 9

complications of HTN examples

Answer 9

LVH
HF
Ischemic stroke
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Ischemic heart disease
CKD, ESRD

Question 10

Normal BP

Answer 10

Less than 120/80 mmHg and diastolic <80 mmHg

Question 11

Elevated BP

Answer 11

Systolic between 120-129anddiastolic less than 80 mmHg

Question 12

Stage 1

Answer 12

Systolic between 130-139ordiastolic between 80-89 mmHg

Question 13

Stage 2

Answer 13

Systolic at least 140ordiastolic at least 90 mmHg

Question 14

hypertensive crisis

Answer 14

Systolic over 180 and/or diastolic over 120, with patients needing prompt changes in medication if there are no other indications of problems, or immediate hospitalization if there are signs of organ damage

Question 15

> 60 years target bp

Answer 15

<150 and <90

Question 16

<60 years target bp

Answer 16

<140 and <90

Question 17

> 18 years with CKD target bp

Answer 17

<140 and <90

Question 18

> 18 years with diabetes target bp

Answer 18

<140 and <90

Question 19

screening

Answer 19

All individuals 18 years or older, screen every year; semi-annually if they have risk factors for HTN, or if their previously measured SBP was 120 to 129.

Question 20

Dx criteria (three items)

Answer 20

1. 24-hour mean of125/75mmHg or above
2. Daytime (awake) mean of130/80mmHg or above
3. Nighttime (asleep) mean of110/65mmHg or above

Question 21

Lifestyle Modifications

Answer 21

Sodium restriction
DASH diet
Weight loss
Exercise
Limited alcohol intake 
Smoking cessation
Maintenance of potassium and calcium intake

Question 22

A dx of htn can be made without initial follow up if they

Answer 22

have an htn crisis or they have a bp greater than 160/80 with known end organ damage