HUBS 191 Lecture 17

Question 1

what type of information is the sensory information we are aware of

Answer 1

somatic afferent

Question 2

what type of information is voluntary muscle control

Answer 2

somatic efferent

Question 3

what type of information is involuntary muscle control

Answer 3

autonomic efferent

Question 4

what type of information is sensory information that we don’t know about

Answer 4

autonomic afferent

Question 5

where are the two neurons of the somatic efferent division located.

Answer 5

• the upper motor (CNS)
  cell body is in the brain
  axon is in the spinal cord
• the lower motor neuron (CNS and PNS)
  cell body is in the spinal cord
  axon is in the spinal nerve

Question 6

in the somatic efferent division are both the neurons myelinated

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

what is the neurotransmitter used in the somatic efferent division

Answer 7

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

the lower motor neuron in the somatic efferent division can also be called the _____

Answer 8

pre synaptic cell

Question 9

what are the effectors for the somatic efferent division

Answer 9

skeletal muscles

Question 10

what’re the 2 divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system

Answer 10

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 11

what are the effectors of the autonomic efferent division

Answer 11

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, or adipose tissue

Question 12

what are the locations of the three neurons in the autonomic efferent division

Answer 12

• neuron 1 (CNS)
  cell body in the brain
  axon in the brain or spinal cord
• neuron 2 (CNS and PNS)
  cell body in the brain or spinal cord
  axon in the PNS
• neuron 3 (PNS)
  cell body and axon in the PNS

Question 13

of the three neurons in the autonomic nervous system which are myelinated

Answer 13

the axons of neurons 1 and 2 are myelinated but the axon of neuron 3 in unmyelinated

Question 14

in the autonomic nervous system which neuron is pre-ganglionic and which is post ganglionic

Answer 14

neuron 2 in pre-ganglionic and neuron 3 in post-ganglionic

Question 15

what neurotransmitter is used in the preganglionic neuron in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

what neurotransmitter is used between the post-ganglionic neuron and the effector muscle in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

one of acetylcholine, norepinephrine or noradrenaline

Question 17

why do we convert electrical signals into chemical signals

Answer 17

because chemical signals allow for a diversity of responses

Question 18

what does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for

Answer 18

acute/stress response - flight or flight

Question 19

what are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

increased heart rate
constriction of blood vessels
increase blood flow to muscles
gastric mobility decreases
decreased salivation
increased pupil size
increased sweating

Question 20

what neurotransmitter is used in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

NE

Question 21

what does the parasympathetic nervous system prepare the body for

Answer 21

restful situations - rest and digest system

Question 22

what are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

decreased heart rate
increased gastric mobility
decreased in pupil size
increased salivation

Question 23

what neurotransmitter is used in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

acetylcholine

Question 24

in the sympathetic nervous system which of the neurons has a long axon

Answer 24

neuron 3 (post-ganglionic neuron) has a long axon and neuron 2 (preganglionic neuron) has a short axon

Question 25

in the parasympathetic nervous system which of the neurons has a long axon

Answer 25

neuron 2 (pre-ganglionic) has a long axon and neuron 3 (post-ganglionic) has a short axon

Question 26

in the sympathetic nervous system where is the cell body of the pre-ganglionic neuron

Answer 26

in the thoracolumbar levels of the spinal cord (CNS)

Question 27

in the sympathetic nervous system where in the axon terminal and synapse of the pre-ganglionic neuron

Answer 27

in the sympathetic ganglion

Question 28

what are the sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 28

the place where the pre-ganglionic neuron axons synapse onto post-ganglionic input zone

Question 29

how many sympathetic chain ganglia are there

Answer 29

21-23 pairs (usually 22) on either side of the vertebral column

Question 30

in the pre-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system where are the cell bodies

Answer 30

in cranial (brainstem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels

Question 31

in the pre-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system where are the axon terminals and synapse

Answer 31

in parasympathetic ganglia (in or near effector)

Question 32

in the post-ganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system where are the cell bodies

Answer 32

in the parasympathetic ganglia in or near the effector organs