HUBS 191 Lecture 31 Flashcards
(26 cards)
what are leukocytes that are found in the lymph nodes called
lymphocytes
what proportion of blood is made up by plasma vs formed elements
55% plasma and 45% formed elements
what makes up plasma
proteins (including antibodies and immunoglobulin), other solutes and water
what makes up the formed elements of blood
platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells (leukocytes)
bone marrow stem cells re a source of _____
blood cells
what is haematopoiesis
the process of creating all the different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets from a single type of stem cell
what does a myeloid lineage lead to
the generation of red blood cells (erythrocytes), granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and platelets
what does a lymphoid lineage lead to
all B and T cells (adoptive immune cells)
what are neutrophils
leukocytes that are highly phagocytic that make up 75% of all leukocytes
neutrophils are highly phagocytic however they have another method for killing micro organisms what is it
they can explode when they encounter infection - their DNA forms a net that captures and traps all the microbes around it
what does the cytoplasm of neutrophils contain
granules which contain preformed chemicals that are used to kill invading microbes
what are mast cells
granulocytes that line mucosal surfaces (not found in the blood). they release granules that attract white blood cells to areas to tissue damage
are monocytes present in the blood and do they perform phagocytosis
monocytes are present in the blood and have low phagocytosis
what happens when monocytes move into the tissues
they receive signals that tell them to mature and develop into macrophages which have high phagocytosis
what are the two types of macrophages
sessile (resident) and migratory
what are the three functions of macrophages
phagocytosis
release of chemical messengers
show information about pathogenic microbes to T cells
what is the best cell for showing information to T cells
dendrites
why are dendrites found in low numbers in the blood and tissues
because they are so effective that they don’t need to be present in high numbers to function
are dendrites phagocytic
yes
how do dendrites interact with t cells
they have lots of molecules on their surface that interact with T cells
lymph in tissues collects into _______. these drain into _______
lymphatic vessels - lymph nodes
what are pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
building blocks common to pathogens that our innate immune system can recognise
what are toll like receptors
receptors that recognise building blocks (PAMPs)
where are toll like receptors found
some are on the cell surface and some are on phagolysosomes
