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human development Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Who came up with attachment theory

A

John Bowlby

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3
Q

what is the summary of attachment theory

A

children with good attachments tend to have increased svurvival

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4
Q

how does attachment differ from bonding?

A

Bonding refers to mothers feelings
attachment focuses on the subject - aka the child

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5
Q

what does attachment theory do for a person in their life?

A

Internal working model consist of how the child interprets and responds to the caregiver’s behavior.

this then influenced their emotions, relationships later in life
and self-image

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6
Q

what is montropy

A

bias to one caregiver i.e mother
in the first stage
0-3 months

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7
Q

when does a child in attachmen theory start to develop stranger anxiety

A

at around 8 months
will notice strangers are not mother and cry and get anxiety

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8
Q

when does stranger anxiety in attachment diminish ?

A

3 year old

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9
Q

what is said about childhood attachment in one’s life?

A

tends to be stable throughout ones lifetime

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10
Q

Which is the critical period for attachment?

A

6 months to 36 months

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11
Q

What are the subtypes of attachment stages

A

pre-attachment
attachment in making
clear cut attachment
formation of reciprocal

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12
Q

what the the ages for eahc stage

pre-attachment
attachment in making
clear cut attachment
formation of reciprocal

A

pre-attachment 0-6 weeks
attachment in making 6weeks to 6/8months
clear cut attachment 8months -12/24 months
formation of reciprocal 18m to 2years

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13
Q

what happens in each stage for attachment ?

A

pre-attachment orientated to mother
attachment in making -can attach to more than 1 person now
clear cut attachment cries when separated has favourites
formation of reciprocal - separation anxiety may lessen, less clingy, but show some protest behaviour like sulking

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14
Q

what did harlow monkey theory proof?

A

that closeness is more important than food

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15
Q

what was used in harlow monkey

A

cloth no feed
wired monkey with food

babies preferred cloth with no food

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16
Q

how does attachment differ to mary ansiworth?

A

considered to be the second founder of the field of attachment – furthered the development of Bowlby’s theory
by stranger situation

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17
Q

what ages does mary ainsworth stages occur?

A

around 12 months to 18 months

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18
Q

What does the stranger situation reveal

A

A childs interaction with a stranger and primary carergiver when they leave and return

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19
Q

How can stranger situation be classified?

A

secure
anxious resistant/preoccupied
anxious avoidant

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20
Q

How does a child behave in each situation when the parent leaves?

A

secure -cries
anxious resistant/preoccupied -cries
anxious avoidant - continues to play /no distress

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21
Q

how does the child behave with a stranger?

A

secure - avoids when alone but if mum present will be OK
anxious resistant/preoccupied avoids and is fearful
anxious avoidant - no fear

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22
Q

how does the child behave when mum returns?

A

secure -happy
anxious resistant/preoccupied - approaches mother but might push away
anxious avoidant -indifferent

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23
Q

what percentage of people are secure?

A

70%

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24
Q

what percentage are of the other two types of attachment types

A

15% for both

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25
how do the different attachment styles form in relation to caregivers
secure - consistent and carers anxious resistant/preoccupied - inconsistent anxious avoidant - unresponsive the latter two lead to preoccupied or dismissive attachment
26
who disocvered the concept of intelligence and how
alfred binet 1905 a series of test ranked by age
27
what is intelligence defined by
mental age and IQ
28
What is the IQ
mental age/ chronological age x 100
29
Fact about IQ in life
stays stable in life
30
what was the first IQ test and which is the most common
1st - stanford binet most common wechsler adult intelligence scale
31
what does RPM stand for and what is it
ravens progreesive matrices it includes non verbal and patterns progressively gets harder and needed cognitive capacity
32
what are the stanford tests
6-80 lower, 60 questions, 5 set black pattern on white
33
what are coloured progened lower ability
<6 or those with specialist groups like LD
34
what did kohlberg develop?
the concept of moral development it is split into 3 stages and 6 substages
35
who did kohlberg perform this study on?
72 american boys was said to be sexist and also westernised as focused only on one community so considered flawed
36
which age group were the boys in kohlberg study?
10 -16 year old
36
who does heinz dilemma refer to which theory
kohlberg
37
what are the three stages of kohlberg?
pre-coventional conventional post conventional
38
how can preconventional be divided?
into two stages between 0-9 the first being avoiding punishment (consequence) the second being self interest - aiming at reward - self interest
39
what is conventional divided into?
good boy good girl - what is said to be good pleasing others - interpersonal conformity
40
what stage does conventional stage occur
9-20
41
how is this conventional stage identified
how they appear to others i.e. what would others say consensus view/comformity
41
what is the 4th substage
law and order what is dictated by social order and rules authority
42
what is the third section divided into for kohlberg stages?
post-conventional > 20 year age - few people achieve this 1. justice and spirit of the law universial principle of ethics includes individuals rights abstract reasoning
43
what is lesch nyhan syndrome
extremely rare metabolic disorder that occurs before birth recessive condition most common in men overproduction and acccumulation of uric acid
44
why does lesch nyhan syndrome happen?
result of mutate in HPRT1 gene leading to deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthineguaninephosphoribosytransgiase HGPRT
45
what happens in lesch nyhan syndrome?
without the enzyme , uric acid build up as it cannot be recycled
46
what is HGPRT for?
the enzyme responsible for recyclying purine hypoxhatine and guanine
47
what is seen in patients for lesch nyhan ?
dystonia hypotonia gouty arthritis subcuteous trophi hyperuricemia corticospinal signs asissted sitting need a wheelchair cannot walk behaviour such as head banging and hitting IQ of 60-70 difficult in attention
48
what is preserved in lesch nyhan?
language and awareness
49
what is Ontogenetic parade
term for predictable childhood fears at certain ages described by Isaac marks
50
what fears are there by ontogenetic parade?
8-12 month -separation anxiety alone/dark/animals 3/4 presocial age body injury, failure, criticisn, illness 4-12 year school age death/poltiics /economics -teens
51
what is normalisation?
in learning disability the principle of making life experiences as normal as possible and move away from institutionalised care
52
how many types of parenting styles are there?
4
53
who discovered the parenting styles
diana baumrind in 1960 psychologist in over 100 preschool age children she identified 3
54
who added a fourth parenting tyle
maccoby martin in 1983
55
what are the name of the four parenting styles
authoritative authoritarian permissive uninvolved
56
what is the difference between authoritative authoritarian
authoritarian -strict parenting , does not communicate with child well about why no explanation based on obedience authoriative - similar as above but gives explanations
57
what about permissive uninvolved what's difference
permissive- let children dominate, act like a friend, avoid confrontation, dont allow children to regulate uninvolved - few demands, little to no involvement
58
what is the basis of oedipaus complex ?
child is jealous of same sex parent
59
what are the 5 steps of freud ?
freud psychosexual development oral anal phallic latency genital
60
which ages do the freud steps occur
oral 0-1 anal 1-3 phallic 3-5 latency 5-12 genital 12+
61
in which step of freud does the oedipadus complex occur?
phallic stage of envy
62
what is the erikson psychological development how many stages which year
adult development 1959 8 stage
63
what happens at 0-1/18 months
hope trust/ mistrust rely on others
64
what happens at 1-3 years of age
autonomy /shame will security in one self
65
erikson stage 3-5 years
purppose imitate n action initative/guilt
66
what happens at 5-12 years old erikson
competence ability to achieve industry vs inferiority
67
# **** what happens between 12 and 19 years old
fidelty true to one self.ability to live by society standards identify vs role confusion
68
eirkson what happens at 19-3 5
intimacy vs isolation relationshjps love
69
what happens erikson at age 35-65
stgnation care feel unproduvie giving back to society/raising kids generality stagnation
70
what happens at 65 plus erikson
wdison integrity and despair slow down contemplate achievements
71
what happens with erikson
failure to overcome a stage loss of sense of self ego develops as it resolves

LS MRPSYCH (17 decks)

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