What are the most crowded parts of the world said to be
Densely Populated with High population Density.
What are the least crowded areas said to be
Sparsely populated with low population Density.
What Physical(Natural) factors affect population density
- Climate: People do not want to live where there is a difficultly climate.
Very hot, very dry(Sahara Dessert) because there are water shortages/farming difficulties= food shortages or very cold places(Greenland)= Too cold for farming. - Soils/Vegetation: Most people live where there are fertile soils eg Endgland, good for farming= Plenty of food
- Relief - height and steepness of the land: People do not want to live in mountaineer areas such as Nepal as it is difficult to build homes, factories and services. It is also difficult to grow crops.
- Natural Resources:
People prefer to live where there are resources e.g Coil, oil and gas(energy) and iron, gold and silver etc(minerals) which can be developed for industry. So there will be jobs and money available, e,g Uk. - Location for Trade: Communications:
Most people live where there are good transport links for trading e.g Glasgow on the Clyde. This creates jobs and wealth.
Fewer people live far from the coast in isolated areas e.g countries such as Chad in central Africa.
What Human(MAN MADE) Factors affect population density:
- Job Opportunities:
People live where there are industries and businesses to provide them with jobs;
So they can make money and have a better standard of living e,g London.
Transport Links:
Areas with good roads and railways are good for trade and business and usually have many job opportunities, e.g England. This provides people with Money to improve their standing of living.
- Technology:
Places with many universities and Advanced technology usually have many successful industries like HI TECH such as electronics which provides Jobs and money e.g LONDON
Technology also enables good housing, e.g heating and lighting and high quality healthcare.
Why is Birth rate high in developing nations?
- People do not have access to contraception (to prevent unwanted pregnancies).
- People are not educated about family planning (they are not taught how to avoid
becoming pregnant) - Children can work e.g., on farms and bring money to their household.
- As there are often no pensions or care homes, parents rely on their kids to look after
them when they get old. - High infant mortality rates mean many children die young so people have large
families to compensate. - Women are often not educated and have few career opportunities. They are
expected to stay at home as housewives. - Women often get married very young so start having kids at young age.
- Religions and cultures often promote large families and they are seen as a status
symbol. Religions often discourage contraception.
Why is death rate high in developing Countries
MEDICAL
- Not enough doctors, nurses or hospitals available.
- Lack of health education about prevention of diseases such as Malaria.
- Lack of drugs to treat diseases such as AIDS due to unaffordable Costs.
- Many people are not Vaccinated against diseases such as Polio.
Social(lifesyle)
- Poor quality housing e.g overcrowding in shanty towns cause disease to spread quickly.
- Poor sanitation(lack of clean water supplies and modern toilets)
3.; Poor working conditions e.g miners are frequently killed in accidents and affected by diseases such as cancer caused by toxic fumes.
DIET
1. Diffuicult farming conditions lead to Food shortages causing starvation.
- Unbalanced diet(e.g not enought vitams) Causing malnutrition leading to disease like Kwashirkor.
- Poor food hygine e.g friges/ freezers poor kitchen hygine leading to diseases such as typhiod.
Birth rate is low in DEVELOPED COUNTRIES for what reasons.
- Contraception such as condoms are readily available to prevent unwanted
pregnancies - Family planning advice easily available to adults and sex education is compulsory in
schools - Children are an ECONOMIC BURDEN. They are not allowed to work and cost money
for food clothing and housing - Better equality for women: All Women are educated to high school level and most
have careers. - Women get married later in life so have less time to have kids.
- Large families are not promoted by culture in developed countries any more. (They
not seen as a status symbol) - Religion is less important in developed countries so people are more willing to use
contraception - Infant mortality is low so couples don’t need many kids to compensate for children
they lose. - Good Pensions and social care mean children are not needed to look after elderly
parents.9
Why is death rate low in Developing countries?
Death Rate is low (Life Expectancy High) for the following reasons:
A MEDICAL
1. Many doctors, nurses and hospitals available e.g. NHS provides free healthcare to
everyone in UK
2. Good health education in schools e.g. healthy diet to prevent heart disease
3. Medical technology to detect diseases such as cancer with scanners and treat
diseases with surgery e.g. heart bypass.
4. Drugs readily available e.g. expensive AVR drugs to treat AIDS.
5. Most children vaccinated against diseases such as Polio.
B SOCIAL
1. Good quality Housing with little overcrowding and good heating systems.
2. Good sanitation: Clean water supplies and good sewage systems to prevent diseases
such as Cholera.
3. Good health education which promotes a healthy lifestyle e.g washing hands and
excercising regularly.
4. Good working conditions with strict health and safety rules to prevent accidents.
C DIET
1. Modern farming = Plenty of food available = less malnutrition.
2. Good food hygiene and storage facilities reduce diseases such as Typhoid.
What is the Problem of a rapidly growing population due to high birth rates in developing countries.
- Huge numbers of children at present therefor,
Not enough schools = many children uneducated
Shortage of maternity hospitals = high infant mortality
Shortage of vaccination and lack of health care for children. - In the future there will be too many adults, therefore the government will not be able to provide enough
Jobs - unemployment
Housing- resulting in shanty towns
Healthcare - not enough hospitals or doctors
Food - malnutrition/ health problems.
What are the solutions to solving the problems of a growing population in developing countries.
Government must try reduce birth rates e.g
- Provide access to contraception e.g free condoms
- Improve education about family planning for adults in local health care centres
- Provide sex education in schools.
- Improve education for woman and encourage them to have careers thus encourage woman to marry older.
- Strict government policies which promote small families e.g chinas one child policy. Families lose benefits if the have more kids.
- Improve health care to reduce Morality. Explain why.
What is the population problem in Developed countries. An ageing (Greying) Population.
Problem 1. A low death rate = More old dependant people: Many old people who cost the goverment money for
Pensions: cost of pensions expected to increase by 400 percent in the next 20 years
Healthcare: old people need more health care for diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
Sheltered housing: many old people are disabled and need adapted housing.
What are the economic indicators.
Gross national product(GNP)
This is a measure of wealth.
It tells us how much a country makes each year from its industries and services.
There will be many well paid jobs in a country with lots of industry and services.
Each countries can spend money from industry and improving healthcare education and housing.
B. Percentage of people working in agriculture.(farming)
In rich developed countries work is done by hi tech machines.
More people work in better paid jobs in factories and offices.
In poor countries farms are primitive as they fewer machines and more farm workers.
C. Energy consumption per person:
More developed countries use lots of energy, oil and electricity in factories.
People also use a lot of electricity, oil and electricity in factories.
People also use a lot of electricity in their homes where they have many appliacanes such as tvs, and washing machines. In poor countries they have few factories and Primitave homes.
What is a social indicator?
- These are measurements which tell us directly about peoples lives in a country eg
A. Life expectancy (Average age which people die)
B. Infant mortality(number of babies ages 0-1 who die each year per 1000 births)
- Birth rate( can also tell us about healthcare and standard of education in a country.
- Number of people per doctor:
If there are many people and few doctors then healthcare is poor.
Few doctors also suggests a shortage of educated people so poor education.
