Human Geography Ch. 2

Question 1

2/3 of the world’s population is clustered into what 4 regions?

Answer 1

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe

Question 2

What kind of physical environments do humans avoid?

Answer 2

dry lands, cold lands, mountainous lands, lands that are too wet

Question 3

Total number of people divided by total land area

Answer 3

Arithmetic (Population) Density

Question 4

What are the 3 measures of population change?

Answer 4

Natural Increase Rate (NIR), Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Answer 5

• only uses birth and death rates
• excludes migration

Question 6

Greatest NIR = __________ countries

Answer 6

developing

Question 7

Least NIR = _________ countries

Answer 7

developed

Question 8

Total number of live births in a year per 1,000 people alive in society

Answer 8

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Question 9

Who has the highest Crude Birth Rate?

Answer 9

Sub Africa

Question 10

Who is an example of having lower Crude Birth Rates?

Answer 10

Europe

Question 11

Total number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people alive

Answer 11

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Question 12

Process of change in a country’s population

Answer 12

Demographic Transition

Question 13

What kind of growth does Stage 2 of the demographic transition have?

Answer 13

high growth

Question 14

What kind of growth does Stage 3 of the demographic transition have?

Answer 14

Moderate Growth

Question 15

What kind of growth does Stage 4 of the demographic transition have?

Answer 15

low growth (stable)

Question 16

What are the characteristics of Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

Answer 16

• High CBR
• Lower CDR
• Very high NIR
• Healthcare improves

Question 17

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

Answer 17

• CBR and CDR fall
• Moderate NIR
• Better education, birth control
• Desire for less children

Question 18

What are the characteristics of Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

Answer 18

• More death than births
• 0 or negative NIR
• Good education and hygiene
• Desire for smaller families

Question 19

What is the economy for Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

Answer 19

agriculture

Question 20

What is the economy for Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

Answer 20

industry

Question 21

What is the economy for Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

Answer 21

services

Question 22

What is an example of Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

Answer 22

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 23

What is an example of Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

Answer 23

India, China, Mexico

Question 24

What is an example of Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

Answer 24

Denmark

Question 25

number of males per 100 females in a population

Answer 25

Sex Ratio

Question 26

Annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births (cod related to pregnancy)

Answer 26

Maternal Mortality rate (MMR)

Question 27

Why is maternal mortality rate higher in the US than other developed countries?

Answer 27

low-income access to healthcare

Question 28

Average number of children a woman will have during childbearing years (15-49)

Answer 28

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Question 29

Annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Answer 29

Infant Mortality Rate (IMF)

Question 30

Number of working age people (15-64) divided by number of persons 65 or older

Answer 30

Elderly Support Ration

Question 30

Number of people too young or too old to work

Answer 30

Dependency Ratio

Question 30

Developing countries = _____ number of children

Answer 30

large

Question 31

Developed countries = _______ population

Answer 31

aging

Question 32

Number of years a newborn infant can expect to live, assuming current mortality levels

Answer 32

Life Expectancy

Question 33

Graph that displays % of a population for each age and gender (determined largely by CBR)

Answer 33

Population Pyramid

Question 34

What are the characteristics of medical services in developed countries?

Answer 34

- spend more on health care - more hospital beds & doctors per capita

Question 35

Incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect a large number of people

Answer 35

The Epidemiologic Transition

Question 36

What is Stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition?

Answer 36

pandemics

Question 37

What is Stage 3 of the epidemiologic transition?

Answer 37

degenerative diseases

Question 38

What is Stage 4 of the epidemiologic transition?

Answer 38

delayed degenerative diseases

Question 39

disease that occurs over a wide geographic are

Answer 39

pandemic

Question 40

What are the characteristics of degenerative diseases?

Answer 40

- decreasing deaths from infectious diseases - increase in chronic disorders (aging)

Question 41

What are the characteristics of delayed degenerative diseases?

Answer 41

- cancer and cardiovascular diseases still present - medical advances extends life expectancies - increase in obesity in stage 4 countries

Question 42

Number of people in an area exceeds capacity of environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Answer 42

overpopulation

Question 43

What did Malthus say about overpopulation?

Answer 43

the population is growing much more rapidly than Earth's food supply

Question 44

Hunger and famine are _______ problems - not production problems

Answer 44

distribution

Question 45

World food production has _________ faster than NIR

Answer 45

increased

Question 46

What kind of growth does Stage 5 of the demographic transition have?

Answer 46

decline

Question 47

What are the characteristics of Stage 5 of the demographic transition?

Answer 47

- Very low CBR - Increasing CDR - Negative NIR

Question 48

What country might be the first to reach Stage 5 of the demographic transition?

Answer 48

Japan

Question 49

What is the possible Stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

Answer 49

Infectious Diseases (previously controlled and eradicated diseases return; new diseases emerge)

Question 50

What are the reasons for the possible Stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

Answer 50

evolution, poverty, and increased connections (rapid and widespread transportation)

Question 51

CBR has ________ rapidly since 1990

Answer 51

declined

Question 52

What are the two population reduction strategies

Answer 52

education and health care

Question 53

What are the characteristics of the education population reduction strategies?

Answer 53

- wealthier communities have more to spend - educated women = greater economic control over their lives

Question 54

What are the characteristics of the health care population reduction strategies?

Answer 54

- better health care leads to lower IMRs - distribution to contraceptives