Human Geography: Industry

Question 1

What 3 regions are 3/4 of the world’s manufacturing clustered in?

Answer 1

• Europe
• East Asia
• North America

Question 2

What are the 3 site factors?

Answer 2

• Labor
• Land
• Capital

Question 3

What is the most important site factor?

Answer 3

Labor

Question 4

Characteristics of Labor-Intensive Industries (Site Factors)

Answer 4

• Wages and compensation constitutes high % of expenses
• $35/hr = developed countries (benefits add to costs)
• $2/hr = developing countries

Question 5

Characteristics of Land (Site Factor)

Answer 5

• Proximity to major highways important
• Junction points critical

Question 6

Characteristics of Capital (Site Factor)

Answer 6

• Funds to establish new factories or expand existing ones
• Location near funding sources important

Question 7

Textile = _______

Answer 7

woven fabrics

Question 8

Apparel = ______

Answer 8

clothing

Question 9

Textile and apparel production typically requires…

Answer 9

less skilled, low-wage workers

Question 10

What are the 3 steps of textile and apparel production?

Answer 10

• Spinning
• Weaving
• Assembly

Question 11

Characteristics of Spinning

Answer 11

• Cotton = principle natural fiber (3/4 is cotton)
• Wool
• Labor intensive
• Low-wage countries

Question 12

Characteristics of Weaving

Answer 12

• Labor constitutes a high % of production cost
• Highly clustered in low-wage countries

Question 13

Characteristics of Assembly

Answer 13

• Garments, carpets, home products, industrials
• Most consumers in developed countries

Question 14

Involving transporting materials to and from a factory

Answer 14

Situation Factors

Question 15

What are the 2 situation factors?

Answer 15

• Proximity to inputs
• Proximity to markets

Question 16

(proximity to inputs): If inputs are expensive to transport –>

Answer 16

factory will locate near inputs

Question 17

Characteristics of Bulk-reducing industry

Answer 17

• Industry where inputs weigh more than the final product
• Locates near source of inputs
• Ex: Copper production

Question 18

What situation factor is bulk-reducing industry a part of?

Answer 18

Proximity to inputs

Question 19

Cost of transporting goods to critical to 3 types of industries

Answer 19

Proximity to markets

Question 20

What are the 3 types of industries for proximity to markets?

Answer 20

• Bulk-gaining industry
• Single-market manufacturers
• Perishable products

Question 21

Characteristics of Bulk-gaining industry

Answer 21

• Makes something that gains volume or weight during production
• Ex: Beverages

Question 22

Characteristics of single-market manufacturers

Answer 22

• Make products sold to 1 or 2 customers
• Close to customers
• Ex: buttons, zippers

Question 23

Characteristics of perishable products

Answer 23

• Must be located near markets - rapid
• Ex: Milk and baked goods

Question 24

Automobile manufacturing =

Answer 24

bulk-gaining industry

Question 25

About ___ million new vehicles sold annually worldwide

Answer 25

90

Question 26

Where has Auto Production in the U.S. shifted?

Answer 26

shifted from northeast toward south and west

Question 27

Swath of assembly plants located in interior from Michigan to Alabama

Answer 27

"Auto Alley"

Question 28

(Steel) Minimills are ___% of today's U.S. steel market

Answer 28

25

Question 29

What is the main input of minimills (steel) and why?

Answer 29

scrap metal because it is cheaper

Question 30

Characteristics of restructuring the steel industry

Answer 30

- China responsible for greatest amount (increased industrial demand (auto)) - Production in developed countries stagnated

Question 31

Location where companies use multiple transportation modes, facilitated by containerization

Answer 31

Break-of-Bulk-Points

Question 32

Characteristics of Ship by air

Answer 32

- Most expensive - Ship packages long distance in a hurry

Question 33

Characteristic of Ship by boat

Answer 33

Ships are attractive for long distance = cost is very low

Question 34

Characteristic of Ship by Rail

Answer 34

Trains are used to ship to destination that take longer than 1 day to reach

Question 35

Characteristic of Ship by truck

Answer 35

Optimal for short distances = loaded and unloaded quickly and cheaply

Question 36

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at factory moments before needed

Answer 36

Just-In-Time Delivery

Question 37

Characteristics of Just-In-Time Delivery

Answer 37

- Important for delivery of inputs - Reduces money tied up in wasteful inventory

Question 38

What are the now 4, previously 3, types of disruptions of Just-In-Time Delivery

Answer 38

- Labor unrest - Traffic - Natural hazards - Pandemic emergency

Question 39

Emerging Industrial Regions

Answer 39

"BRICS" Countries

Question 40

Much of the world's future growth in manufacturing expected to cluster:

Answer 40

Brazil, Russia India, China, South Africa (BRICS Countries)

Question 41

(Video) Chemicals from the Tanneries entering the water can cause...

Answer 41

- Eyes to turn yellow - Pale skin - Rashes - Diarrhea - Fevers

Question 42

(Video) What is a danger of the water

Answer 42

Hepatitis

Question 43

(Video) What are some of the chemicals in the tanneries?

Answer 43

- Sodium - Acid - Chloride

Question 44

Union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment

Answer 44

Open Shop

Question 45

Company and union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory

Answer 45

Closed shop

Question 46

In the U.S., where has manufacturing declined?

Answer 46

In the Northeast and Great Lake states

Question 47

In the U.S., where has manufacturing increased?

Answer 47

In the South and West