Human Nutrition Flashcards
(45 cards)
what do carbohydrates contain?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are complex carbohydrates and what are they made up from?
starch and glycogen are complex carbs made up from smaller units (glucose or maltose) joined together in a long chain
what are proteins made up of and what do they contain?
proteins are made up of log chains of amino acids which all contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen
what are lipids made up of and what do they contain?
lipids are built from fatty acids and glycerol and they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
what are carbohydrates found in and what is their function?
found in pasta, rice, sugar
function: provide energy
what are lipids found in and what is their function?
found in butter, oily fish
function:provide a secondary source of energy, act as an energy store and provide insulation
what are proteins found in and what is their function?
found in meat, fish
function: needed for growth and repair of tissue and to provide a secondary source of energy
what is vitamin A found in and what is their function?
found in liver
function: helps to improve vision and keep hair and skin healthy
what is vitamin C found in and what is their function?
found in fruit e.g. oranges
function: needed to prevent scurvy
what is vitamin D found in and what is their function?
found in eggs
function: needed to absorb calcium
what is calcium found in and what is their function?
found in milk, cheese
function: needed to make bones and teeth
what is iron found in and what is their function?
found in red meat
function: needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood
what is water found in and what is their function?
found in food and drink
function: need for mostly every bodily function, we need a constant supply of water loss through urinating, breathing and sweating
what is dietary fibre found in and what is their function?
found in wholemeal bread and fruit
function: aids the movement of food through the gut
how does activity level effect energy requirements?
active people need more energy that people who have a sedentary lifestyle
how does age effect energy requirements?
children and teenagers need more energy than older people as they need to grow and they’re generally more active
how does pregnancy effect energy requirements?
pregnant women need more energy than other women as they have to provide energy for the foetus so they develop
what do digestive enzymes do?
break down big molecules into smaller ones
which molecules cannot pass through the walls of the digestive system?
starch, protein and fats are BIG molecules and cannot pass through the walls of the digestive system as they are too big. they’re also insoluble
name 4 smaller molecules which can pass through the walls of the digestive system
sugars, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids are smaller molecules which are soluble and can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
state what amylase converts
starch into maltose
state what maltase converts
maltose into glucose
state what protease converts
proteins into amino acids
state what lipase converts
lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
