Plant Transport and Nutrition

Question 1

state the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

carbon dioxide + water → glucose +oxygen

Question 2

where does photosynthesis happen?

Answer 2

photo happens inside the chloroplasts, which are found in the leaf cells and in other green parts of the plant. Chloroplasts contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight and uses its energy for photosynthesis

Question 3

state the symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 3

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 4

how is the light energy converted/stored?

Answer 4

photo coverts light energy to chemical energy, which is stored in glucose. this chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down during respiration

Question 5

how does the big surface area of the leaf help photo?

Answer 5

they are more exposed to light

Question 6

where are most of the chloroplasts found?

Answer 6

the palisade layer

Question 7

how has the palisade layer adapted for efficient photosynthesis?

Answer 7

as most the chloroplasts are found in here they’re near the top where the leaf gets the most light

Question 8

how has the upper epidermis adapted for efficient photosynthesis?

Answer 8

the upper epidermis is transparent so that light can pass through it to the palisade layer

Question 9

what do the xylem and phloem do to help the leaf?

Answer 9

the transport vessels the xylem and the phloem deliver water and other nutrients to every part of the leaf and take away the glucose produced by photo they also support the leaf structure

Question 10

how has the waxy cuticle adapted for efficient photosynthesis?

Answer 10

helps to reduce water loss by evaporation

Question 11

how has the spongy mesophyll layer adapted for efficient photosynthesis?

Answer 11

the air space decreases the diffusion distance of CO₂ to the palisade layer increasing the rate of photo

Question 12

what is a limiting factor?

Answer 12

a limiting factor is something which stops photo from happening any faster. light intensity,CO₂ concentration and temp can all be limiting factors

Question 13

how does light effect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 13

-if the light energy is increased, the rate of photo will increase steadily but only to a certain point
-beyond that it won’t make any difference because then it’ll be either the temp to the CO₂ level which is now the limiting factor

Question 14

how does CO₂ concentration effect photo?

Answer 14

-as with light intensity, increasing the CO₂ concentration will only increase the rate of photosynthesis up to a point.after this the graph flattens out showing that CO₂ is no longer the limiting factor
-too little CO₂ slows down photo

Question 15

how does temp affect the rate of photo?

Answer 15

-as temperature increases so does the rate of photo up to a certain point
-if the temperature is too high (over 45) the plant’s enzymes will be denatured so the rate of photo rapidly decreases

Question 16

what is transpiration?

Answer 16

the loss of water in a plant

Question 17

what is transpiration causes by?

Answer 17

caused by the evaporation and diffusion of water from a plant’s surface, usually through the leaves

Question 18

what does evaporation from the plants surface create?

Answer 18

creates a slight shortage of water I the leaf and so more water is drawn up from the rest of the plant through the xylem vessels to replace it

Question 19

what does the xylem vessels pulling up water mean?

Answer 19

means more water is drawn up from the roots, and so there’s a constant transpiration stream of water through the plant

Question 20

what are the 4 factors which effect transpiration?

Answer 20

-wind
-temp
-humidity
-light

Question 21

how does wind speed affect transpiration?

Answer 21

-the higher the wind speed around the leaf, the greater the transpiration rate
-if wind speed around the leaf is low, water vapour surrounds the leaf, water doesn’t move away
-means there is a higher concentration of water outside the leaf, so diffusion slows down

Question 22

how does light intensity affect transpiration?

Answer 22

-the brighter the light the greater the transpiration rate
-stomata start to close when its darker as photo doesn’t happen in the dark so they don’t need to be open to let CO₂ in
-so little water can escape

Question 23

how does temperature affect transpiration?

Answer 23

-the warmer it is the faster transpiration happens
-when its warm the particles have more energy so diffuse and evaporate quicker

Question 24

how does humidity affect transpiration?

Answer 24

-the drier the area around the leaf the faster transpiration happens
-if the air is humid there’s a lot of water in it already so no a big difference between the inside and outside the leaf, therefore less diffusion

Question 25

what are nitrates needed for? (2)

Answer 25

-making amino acids and protein (because they contain nitrogen) -needed for cell growth

Question 26

what happens to the plant if it has not enough nitrates? (2)

Answer 26

-stunted -older leaves will turn yellow

Question 27

what are phosphates needed for?(4)

Answer 27

-making DNA and cell membranes -needed for respiration and growth

Question 28

what happens to the plant if it has not enough phosphates? (2)

Answer 28

-poor root growth -older leaves turn purple

Question 29

what is potassium needed for? (3)

Answer 29

-to help the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration

Question 30

what happens to the plant if it has not enough potassium? (2)

Answer 30

-poor flower and fruit growth -discoloured leaves

Question 31

what is magnesium needed for? (2)

Answer 31

-making chlorophyl for photosynthesis

Question 32

what happens to the plant if it has not enough magnesium? (2)

Answer 32

-leaves turn yellow as no chlorophyl (less photo)

Question 33

what do xylems transport? and from where to where?

Answer 33

-water and minerals -from the roots up the shoot to the leaves

Question 34

what does the phloem transport? and from where to where?

Answer 34

-sucrose and amino acid -from the leaves to the rest of the plant -movement called translocation