Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
(37 cards)
define respiration
the process of transferring energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every cell
what happens to the energy transferred by respiration?
-the energy can’t be directly used by cells so it is used to make a substance called ATP which stores energy needed for chemical processes
-when a cell needs energy the ATP molecule is broken down and energy is released
which type of respiration creates the most energy?
aerobic by a huge amount
what is the work equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + (energy)
what is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
what’s the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
glucose → lactic acid + (energy)
why is lactic acid produced and what does it do?
-produced because glucose isn’t fully broken down
-builds up in muscles, leads to cramp
how is anaerobic respiration different in plant?
they produce ethanol and C02 instead of lactic acid
what’s the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
glucose → ethanol + C02 +(energy)
how do plants exchange gasses?
diffusion
when do photo and respiration happen?
-photo can only happen in the day, but respiration must happen all the time
how does light intensity effect the net exchange of gases during day?
-during the day light intensity is high
-plants make more O2 by photosynthesis than they use in respiration so they release O2
-they also use up more CO2 than they produce so they take in CO2
how does light intensity effect the net exchange of gases during night?
-at night light intensity is low/none
-plants only respire as there’s no enough light for photo, this means they take in O2 and release CO2.
how do the broad leaves help efficient gas exchange?
large surface area for diffusion
how do the thin leaves help efficient gas exchange?
gases only have to travel a short distance to reach the cells where they’re needed
how do the air spaces in leaves help efficient gas exchange?
-lets gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen more easily between cells
-increases surface area for gas exchange
how do the stomata on the lower surface of leaves help efficient gas exchange?
-they let gases like CO2 and O2 diffuse in and out
-they also allow water to escape (transpiration)
how do the stomata closing in the dark help efficient gas exchange?
-when stomata is closed water can’t escape preventing the plant from drying out
-also close when water supply from the root starts to dry up which stops photo (bad) but prevents the plant from drying up
what opens and closes the stomata/how?
-the opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by the guard cells.
-they do this by changing their shape and volume.
-they increase volume to open stomata and decreases volume to close the stomata
what separated the thorax from the rest of the body?
the muscle the diaphragm
state the pathway of air from trachea
-trachea
-2 tubes called bronchi
-spilt into more bronchioles
-turn into alveoli
what happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, thorax volume, ribs and pressure during inhalation?
-intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
-thorax volume increases
-pressure decreases drawing air in
-ribs move up and out
what happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, thorax volume, ribs and pressure during exhalation?
-intercostal muscles and diaphragm contact
-thorax vol decreases
-pressure increases and air is forced out
-ribs moved down and in
what does the diaphragm look like when its contacting and relaxing?
relax-moved up
contract- flatter
