HUms Semi 2 Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
Environment?
A
the significance of the environment in a living thing’s life
2
Q
What is urban sprawl?
A
Spreading of urban developments into areas on the city boundary
3
Q
What are some examples of fossil fuels?
A
- coal
- oil
- gas
- petrol
4
Q
What is weather?
A
the current state of the atmosphere
5
Q
Interconnection?
A
how all things in a place are connected and work together
6
Q
How do fossil duels impact climate change?
A
when they are burned they release large amounts of CO2 which gets trapped
7
Q
What is wellbeing?
A
a good or satisfactory condition of exsistence
8
Q
Why are sea levels rising?
A
- land-based ice is melting
- seas are getting hotter and expanding
9
Q
What is a qualitative indicator?
A
subjective measures that cannot be easily measured
feeling
10
Q
What is urbanisation?
A
the increase in people living in cities
11
Q
Why are people moving from developing areas to developed areas?
A
- in search for work
- join family
- study
- better services
12
Q
What are non-renewable energy sources?
A
- oil
- natural gas
- coal
- nuclear energy
13
Q
What are wellbeing indicators?
A
- health
- happiness
- prosperity
- welfare
14
Q
How to reduce an ecological footprint?
A
- reduce our carbon emitions and environemtnal harm
15
Q
What are push factors?
A
something that makes people want to leave a place
16
Q
What did the Kyoto protocol do?
A
set targets to reduce greenhouse gases
17
Q
Are fossil fuels renewable or non renewable?
A
non-renewable
18
Q
Why are fossil fuels causing problems to our envionment?
A
We are using too much and releasing so much CO2 the earth cannot keep up
19
Q
What is emission trading?
A
lowering emissions using tradable permits
20
Q
What are fossil fuels?
A
generic term for non renewable energy sources
21
Q
What country has the highest population in the world?
A
India
22
Q
What is the enhanced greenhouse gas effect?
A
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere adding to global warming
23
Q
What is absolute poverty?
A
a state of living when income levels are inadequate to enjoy a minimum of standard of living
poverty measured against a standard
24
Q
What is the most recent international agreement on climate change?
A
The Paris Agreement
25
How does human activity affect the enhanced greenhouse gas effect?
Humans are emitting more greenhouse gases than the world can process thus its nots able to properly escape the earths atmosphere and is stuck warming the earth
26
By how much are urbanisation levels increasing?
slightly
27
What are challenges all countries face due to urbanisation?
- poor air and water
- not enough water
- waste disposal problems
- high energy consumption
28
What is Health Development Index?
index that measures standard of living and wellbeing by measuring life expectancy, education and income levels
29
What are the downsides of urban sprawl?
harm to environment
30
What are pull factors?
something that attracts people to a place
31
What is gross domestic product?
the value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given period
32
What is the biosphere?
all living things on earth
33
What is the impact of the enhanced greenhouse gas affect on the environment?
- changes in global rainfall
- extreme weather events
- increase in sea level
34
What is Gross National Happiness?
GNH - is an index that aims to measure happiness by combining scores of
-ecological sustainability
- freedom
- sustainable development
- good and fair governance
35
What is urban renewal?
redevelopment of old urban areas including modernisations of household interiors
36
What is economic downturn?
a downturn in economic activity
includes unemployment and decreased consumer spending
37
What are the 5 main different effects of global warming?
more drought
higher temperatures
sea level rise
heavier rainfall
less snow cover
38
What are the effects of climate change?
- higher temperature
- more flooding
- higher rainfall
- higher sea levels
39
What can we do to reduce climate change at a national level?
- construction of solar power plants
40
What human factors led to urban decline?
- war/conflict
- economic downturn
41
What are examples of greenhouse gas?
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
42
What are greenhouse gases?
Gases in the earths atmosphere that are able to trap heat
43
What are positive impacts on wellbeing in regional and remote areas?
- high cohesion
- high participation
- high volunteering
44
What causes global warming?
climate change
45
Scale?
geographical phenomena and problems can be explained at different levels such as local, regional, nation or global
46
How can we reduce urbanisation challenges?
- improving public transport
- reducing waste and recycling
47
What is urban infilling?
The division of larger house sites into multiple sites for new homes
48
Place?
the significance of a place and the meaning behind it
49
How has Australia's climate changed over time?
Heavier and more intense rainfall and longer fire season.
50
What are negatives of using gross domestic product?
- income inequality not shown
- sustainable growth rate not shown
- doesn't include non-market transactions
51
What causes the greenhouse effect?
gases being trapped
52
What is the rural-urban fringe?
the transition zone where rural and urban areas meet
53
What is a cities impact on environment?
- deforestation
- habitat loss
- extraction of freshwater
- decreasing of biodiversity
54
What can we do to reduce climate change at a personal level?
- save energy
- walk or bike
- eat vegetables
- install solar panels
55
What is the difference between weather and climate change?
weather is the current state of the atmosphere and climate change is the change in the earth's climate over time
56
What is an urban environment?
a region in or surrouding a city
the human built structures or spaces
57
Why do Indigenous people have lower levels of wellbeing?
- widespread grief and loss
- displacement of people
- loss of land
58
What are examples of megacities?
- Shanghai
- Tokyo
- Delhi
59
What are the impacts of urban growth?
inadequate housing, poverty and crime
60
What is global warming?
observable rise in the earth's atmospheric temperatures due to the enhanced greenhouse effect
61
What is the poorest region on earth?
sub-saharan africa
62
What is relative poverty?
income levels are relatively too low to enjoy a reasonable standard of living in that society
poverty in relation to average lifestyle in society
63
What are negative impacts on wellbeing in regional and remote areas?
- higher death/injury rates
- poor access to services
- socioeconomic disadvantages
64
What is climate change?
any change in climate over time both natural and human
65
What are the United Nations' Millennium sustainable development goals?
- no poverty
- no hunger
- good health/wellbeing
- quality education
- gender equality
- clean water and sanitation
- affordable and clean energy
- good work and economic growth
- industry innovationinfrastructure
- reduced inequalities
- sustainable cities
- reason consumption/production
- climate action
- life below water
- life on land
- peace and justice
- partnerships
66
What is a megacity?
a settlement of 10 million or more
67
What is a quantitate indicator?
objective indices that are easily measured and can be stated numerically
life expectancy
68
What is socioeconomic?
combination of social and economic factors
69
What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty?
absolute poverty is poverty so low you cannot enjoy the minimum standard of living, whereas relative poverty is being poor in comparison to those around you
70
What are the effects of changes on the rural-urban fringe?
- cost of infrastructure
- loss of fertile farmland
- loss of greenspace
71
What is an ecological footprint?
a measure of human demand on the earth
land, food, water, transport, housing
72
What is the hydrosphere?
all water on earth
73
What is the difference between regional, remote and urban communities?
- regional areas are areas outside of towns and cities
- remote areas are places considerably secluded from civilisation
- urban areas include within city and the surrounding areas
74
Space?
the physical location and its features
75
What can we do to reduce climate change at a international level?
- punish countries that don't reduce pollution
76
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
internationally agreed to set of rules developed by the UN to reduce climate change by stabilising greenhouse gas emissions
77
What environmental factors led to urban decline?
- tsunami
- volcano eruption
78
What are renewable energy sources?
- sunlight/solar
- water
- wind
79
Why is India's life expectancy so high?
- better education
-
80
What changes are happening on the rural-urban fringe?
- old farmland is being sold
- new industrial sites are being built
