PSYCH STUDY PERCEPTUION TEST

Question 1

Define Attention

Answer 1

the process of focusing on specific stimuli or aspects of the sensory environment whilst ignoring and excluding others.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of attention?

Answer 2

Sustained, Divided and Selective

Question 3

What is sustained attention?

Answer 3

the maintenance of attention on a specific stimulus or task for a continuous period of time without being distracted.

Question 4

What is divided attention?

Answer 4

the ability to distribute our attention so two or more activities may be performed simultaneously. Can use more than one sense.

Question 5

What is selective attention?

Answer 5

choosing and attending to a specific stimulus whilst excluding other stimuli.

Question 6

define the stroop effect

Answer 6

the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli.

Question 7

Define congruent stimuli

Answer 7

compatiable stimuli

Question 8

Define incongruent stimuli

Answer 8

incompatiable stimuli

Question 9

why does the stroop effect occur?

Answer 9

Speed of processing or selective attention theory.

Question 10

define the speed of processing theory

Answer 10

reading words process faster than listening and hearing sounds

Question 11

define the selective attention theory

Answer 11

listening and processing sounds takes more attention than reading words.

Question 12

sensation

Answer 12

process of capturing stimuli from environment by our senses

Question 13

perception

Answer 13

the process of interpreting and giving meaning to sensory information

Question 14

What are the 3 stages of sensation?

Answer 14

RTT

reception, transduction and transmission

Question 15

Define the reception stage

Answer 15

the process in which our sense organs first receive information about the stimulus in the environment

Question 16

Define the transduction stage

Answer 16

the process in which raw sensory data is received by sense organs and converted into a neural message

Question 17

Define the transmission stage

Answer 17

the process of sending the neural messages to areas of the brain to process the sensory information

Question 18

Define Top-Down Processing

Answer 18

a perceptual process that starts with the bigger picture and then works down to the smaller details

Question 19

Define Bottom-up Processing

Answer 19

a perceptual process that starts with raw sensory info that is sent to the brain to be put together to make the bigger picture.

Question 20

What are the 3 perception stages

Answer 20

SOI

selection, organisation and interpretation

Question 21

Define the selection stage

Answer 21

detecting and filtering neural impulses.

Question 22

Define the Organisation Stage

Answer 22

grouping elements to form a meaning whole and attempting to identify objects based on past experiences.

Question 23

Define the interpretaion Stage

Answer 23

incoming sensory information is given meaning.

Question 24

Define Depth Perception

Answer 24

the ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions

bi

Question 25

Define Convergence

Answer 25

depth and distance interpreted from changes in the eye muscles tension that occurs when objects are too close bi

Question 26

define retinal disparity

Answer 26

the difference between the visual images cast on the retina of each eye due to the different angle

Question 27

accommodation

Answer 27

the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus an object in response to changes in the objects distance.

Question 28

linear perspective

Answer 28

the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede into the distance

Question 29

interposition

Answer 29

OVERLAP

Question 30

texture gradient

Answer 30

if its too far it gets blurry

Question 31

relative size

Answer 31

if an object is large its close and if it is small its far

Question 32

height in visual field

Answer 32

objects close to horizon are far and objects far from horizon are close

Question 33

figure ground

Answer 33

divides a visual stimulus into a figure which stand out from all other visual information (background)

Question 34

contour

Answer 34

the line between the figure and ground

Question 35

closure

Answer 35

mentally closes images ignoring gaps

Question 36

similarity

Answer 36

look the same part of the same

Question 37

proximity

Answer 37

close? part of the same group

Question 38

5 Influences to perceptual set

Answer 38

past experiences memory emotional state context motivation

Question 39

perceptual set

Answer 39

a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way

Question 40

social factors

Answer 40

influences from external envionment culture

Question 41

define pictorial depth cues

Answer 41

a two dimension picture in which three dimensions inferences can be made

Question 42

What are the 5 tastes

Answer 42

Salty, Bitter, Sweet, Sour, Umami (savoury)

Question 43

6 influences on taste perception

Answer 43

CAP GAF culture age perceptual set genetics appearance food packaging

Question 44

define super taster

Answer 44

person who tastes certain flavors and foods more strongly than other people

Question 45

define perceptual distortion

Answer 45

an inconsistency between a perceptual experience and physical reality

Question 46

define visual illusion

Answer 46

a misperception of external visual stimuli

Question 47

define agnosia

Answer 47

loss or impairment of the ability to identify objects, people, sounds or other sensory stimuli.

Question 48

define miraculin

Answer 48

berry that attaches to sour acids and makes them sweet

Question 49

synaesthesia

Answer 49

when 2 sensory systems cross over in an abnormal and involuntary way.

Question 50

spatial neglect

Answer 50

fail to notice anything on left or right side of brain

Question 51

What are the 4 gestalt principals?

Answer 51

- Figure ground - closure - proximity - similarity

Question 52

What is an example of a biological visual perception factor?

Answer 52

Depth cues

Question 53

What are examples of psychological visual perception factors?

Answer 53

gestalt principals and perceptual set

Question 54

What is an example of a social visual perception factor?

Answer 54

culture

Question 55

What is are examples of biological gustatory perception factors?

Answer 55

genetics and age

Question 56

What is are examples of psychological gustatory perception factors?

Answer 56

memory and food packaging/appearance

Question 57

What is an example of a social gustatory perception factor?

Answer 57

culture

Question 58

What is the muller-lyer illusion?

Answer 58

- two identical vertical lines, one has outward arrows at the end and one has inward arrows - The line with the arrow looks longer due to the carpeting hypothesis

Question 59

What is the carpeting hypothesis?

Answer 59

the illusion occurs due to the similarity of familiar architechtural features in the 3D world

Question 60

What is the ames room illusion?

Answer 60

- a trapezium shaped room that is longer and higher on one side than the other - when viewed through a peep hole it appears as a standard rectangle - people on the taller side look abnormally shorter than people on the regular side

Question 61

What are the causes of agnosia?

Answer 61

suddenly - traumatic brain injury gradually - brain tumour or toxin

Question 62

What gets damaged for agnosia to occur?

Answer 62

damage along neural pathways that process perceptual information

Question 63

How do you treat agnosia?

Answer 63

rehabilitation (helping cope and adapt to condition)

Question 64

What main 3 things help with the judgement of flavours?

Answer 64

- perceputal set - colour intensity - texture

Question 65

In what 2 ways does texture influence judgement of flavour?

Answer 65

surface area and time spent in mouth

Question 66

What causes synaeshesia?

Answer 66

excess of neural connections that should have been pruned or hyper excitable/ extra sensitive to external stimuli