Hypersensitivity

Question 1

What is hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen that leads to discomfort, tissue damage, and disease.

Question 2

How many types of hypersensitivity?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Hypersensitivity timelines.

Answer 3

1. minutes to hours
2. hours to days
3. hours to days
4. 48-72 hours

Question 4

Type III name and examples?

Answer 4

Immune Complex mediated hypersensitivity
Arthus reaction
Serum sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Type I name and examples?

Answer 4

anaphylactic hypersensitivity
Allergic rxn, sweet itch

Question 5

Type IV name and examples?

Answer 5

Delayed Type
Contact dermatitis
Tuberculin reaction

Question 5

Type II name and examples?

Answer 5

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, Grave’s disease

Question 6

Draw out type of hypersensitivity reactions on slide 5.

Question 7

3 components of Type I Hypersensitivity?

Answer 7

Mast cell, eosinophil, IgE

Question 8

Write out characteristics of Mast cell and eosinophil.

Answer 8

Slide 6

Question 9

What are allergies?

Answer 9

Reaction of body to allergens that is detrimental to the host

Question 10

Discuss examples of allergens.

Answer 10

Slide 7

Question 11

2 steps of allergic reactions?

Answer 11

sensitization - usually mild (first exposure)
Subsequent exposure (may get serious)

Question 12

Predisposition of allergies?

Answer 12

Yes, usually genetic

Question 13

Draw out allergen –> allergic responses mechanism.

Answer 13

Slide 8

Question 14

Draw out steps of mast cell degranulation.

Answer 14

Slide 9

Question 15

Draw out Slide 10.

Question 16

What is anaphylaxis?
What can histamines cause?

Answer 16

sudden shock syndrome resulting from the massive release of mast cell mediators
Major smooth muscle contraction THUS leading to airway closing

Question 16

Draw out pathway of sweet itch. Slide 11.

Question 17

Describe self-antigens of type II.

Answer 17

Slide 14

Question 18

Three factors of anaphylaxis?

Answer 18

type of antigen, amount of IgE produced and the route of exposure

Question 19

Where does Type II hypersensitivity occur?

Answer 19

cytotoxic

Question 20

Describe extrinsic antigens of type II.

Answer 20

Slide 14

Question 21

Describe cross reactive antibodies of type II.

Answer 21

Slide 14

Question 22

What complex becomes the target of complement system which results in cytotoxicity.

Answer 22

ag-ab complex

Question 23

How does the antigen-antibody complex result in cytotoxicity?

Answer 23

Slide 15

Question 24

Pathway of penicillin? Slide 16

Question 25

When is the ag-ab complex beneficial? Detrimental? Slide 17 and 18

Question 26

When will no immune response happen in blood transfusions?

Answer 26

If the donor RBC are identical to those of the recipient

Question 27

When do transfusion reactions most often occur?

Answer 27

if the recipient has alloantibodies that bind the donor's RBC

Question 28

How does the recipient acquire alloantibodies?

Answer 28

-pre-existing in the body -developed antibodies from previous transfusions -sometimes the donor has antibodies that they pass on

Question 29

Describe how blood matching works.

Answer 29

Slide 20

Question 30

Review Blood group system.

Answer 30

Slide 21

Question 31

What happens when an individual with blood group A receives blood from a donor that has blood group B. Write out steps. Slide 22.

Answer 31

Hemolytic anemia Induces death of donor RBCs

Question 32

Discuss the mechanism and result of neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals.

Answer 32

Slide 23

Question 33

Describe Bovine neonatal pancytopenia.

Answer 33

Slide 24

Question 34

Discuss the different zones and sizes of complexes of type III.

Answer 34

Slide 29

Question 34

What is Grave's disease?

Answer 34

autoantibodies against the TSH receptor cause overproduction of thyroid hormones

Question 34

Draw out image of non-cytotoxic type II hypersensitivity.

Answer 34

Slide 25

Question 35

Discuss Type III hypersensitivity.

Answer 35

Slide 28

Question 36

Draw out pathway of type III hypersensitivity.

Answer 36

Slide 30

Question 37

Discuss the features of local type III hypersensitivity (Arthus Reaction)

Answer 37

Slide 31

Question 38

Discuss systemic type III hypersensitivity.

Answer 38

Slide 32

Question 39

Discuss the different types of immune complexes in the blood.

Answer 39

Slide 33

Question 40

Discuss what happens when the complex system fails in regards to complement receptors and phagocytes.

Answer 40

Slide 34

Question 41

Draw out pathways of immune complexes in blood.

Answer 41

Slide 35

Question 42

Discuss the features of MPGN. Type locations?

Answer 42

Slide 36

Question 43

What does C3 deficiency result in?

Answer 43

glumerulonephritis

Question 44

Glomerulonephritis lesions are ___________ instead of inflammatory.

Answer 44

proliferative

Question 45

What is IMPA? Result?

Answer 45

Immune complexes deposit in synovial fluid Neutrophilic inflammation in the joints

Question 46

Describe serum sickness of type III hypersensitivity.

Answer 46

Slide 40

Question 47

Describe systemic lupus erythematosus.

Answer 47

Slide 41.

Question 48

What are type IV hypersensitivity reactions caused by?

Answer 48

T cell response to complexes of MHC class II and peptide antigens derived from foreign proteins or from chemically modified proteins

Question 49

Describe a tuberculin reaction.

Answer 49

Slide 43.

Question 50

Draw out pathway of type IV hypersensitivity.

Answer 50

Slide 44

Question 51

Draw out pathway of allergic contact dermatitis (type IV).

Answer 51

Slide 45