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Animal Health And Disease > The Complement System > Flashcards

The Complement System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three pathways of complement activation?

A

Classical, alternative, lectin

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2
Q

What are the 3 functions of major complement components?

A

Release of inflammatory and chemotactic mediators
Opsonization of microbes
Direct killing of microbes

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3
Q

Classical pathway name?

A

Antigen-antibody complex

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4
Q

Alternative pathway name?

A

Bacterial endotoxin

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5
Q

Lectin pathway name?

A

Mannose-binding lectin

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6
Q

When does the complement system occur?

A

Early on

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7
Q

What cells are leukocytes?

A

Macrophages, granulocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells

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7
Q

Locations of proteins in CS?

A

circulate in serum, cell surfaces (as receptors), neutrophil granules

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7
Q

What type of role does the complement system play in the adaptive system?

A

regulatory role

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8
Q

Functions of complement system in innate defense system (3)?

A

Protection against infections
Regulation of inflammation
Removal of damaged cells

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9
Q

What cells produce the proteins of the complement system?

A

Hepatocytes, monocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells in GI tract

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10
Q

Describe how the biochemical cascade principle works.

A

Proteins are synthesized as inactive precursors in health
They are ACTIVATED by cleavage by another complement protein immediately upstream to it
Results in active B protein that can continue to activate other proteins via subsequent cleavage

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11
Q

Nomenclature of inactive complement. Example?

A

simple number
C1

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11
Q

Cleavage product nomenclature? Example?

A

lower case letter suffix
C3b

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12
Q

Biochemical cascade is an extremely efficient process of __________.

A

amplification

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13
Q

letters of the alphabet alone in CS are?

A

Factors

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14
Q

How is the complement system activated? (2 ways)

A

pathogen itself or antibody bound to pathogen

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15
Q

Final goal of complement system? 3 methods?

A

Removal of the pathogen

Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils
Direct killing
Facilitates inflammatory responses that help to fight the pathogen

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16
Q

Describe 3 steps of CS activation?

A
  1. Classical, alternative, lectin pathways
  2. Generation of C3 convertase
  3. Generation of terminal membrane attack complex and other complement fragments which all facilitate removal of the pathogen
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17
Q

What is the classical pathway activated by?

A

antibody bound to the pathogen
REQUIRES ADAPTIVE

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18
Q

What is the alternative pathway activated by?

A

directly to pathogen surface

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19
Q

What is the lectin pathway activated by?

A

lectin binds to mannose on pathogen cell wall

20
Q

Sequence of the classical pathway?

A

C1 C4 C2 C3 C5-C9

21
Q

Write out the sequence of the classical pathway?

22
Most common CS pathway?
Alternative
23
Alternative pathway components nomenclature?
Capital letters are called factors
23
Draw out alternative pathway.
Slide 25
24
What does mannan-binding lectin recognize?
carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens
25
Write out the lectin binding pathway?
Slide 27
26
All three pathways generate ONE key effector protein called?
C3 convertase
27
Review slide 33. Draw out mechanism.
-----------------
28
What is the first consequence of CS?
Chemotaxis of leukocytes via C3a and C5a
29
Function of C3a?
a potent anaphyatoxin: causes contraction of smooth muscles. increases vascular permeability, causes degranulation of mast cells and basophils
30
Function of C5a?
Stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, activation, and degranulation Causes release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes
31
Consequence 2 of CS?
Opsonization and phagocytosis via C3b
32
What is consequence 3 of CS?
lysis of pathogens via C5-C9
32
Draw out pathway of consequence 2?
Slides 37 and 38
33
CD55 function?
accelerates degradation of complement factors on red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells to protect them from complement attack
33
Draw out pathway of consequence 3.
Slide 41
34
What does the CS need to be regulated?
potent system
34
C1 inactivator function?
inhibits activated C1 components in the classical pathway
35
Factor H function?
similar function than CD55 in alternative pathway
36
CD59 function?
inhibits assembly of the MAC
37
Complement receptors function?
ensure removal of antigen antibody complement complexes
38
Describe the impact of C3 deficiency in Brittany Spaniels.
Renders the WHOLE complement system dysfunctional SO -reduced killing of bacteria by MAC -reduced phagocytosis of bacteria -deficiencies in acute inflammatory reactions with lower recruitment of leukocytes -reduced ability to make antibodies
39
Brittany Spaniels have an increased susceptibility to ___________.
bacterial infections
40
Dogs less than 2 years developed serious _____________. Treatment?
Bacterial infections; antibiotics
41
Brittany Spaniels with C3 deficiency at 4-7 years?
renal disease and ultimately renal failure Inflammation of glomerulus (glomerulonephritis)
42
Factor H deficiency observed in what species?
Yorkshire pigs
43
Recall function of Factor H?
regulates the alternative pathway
44
Deficiency of factor H results in?
Uncontrolled, overactive complement activation on healthy cells Constant inflammatory state and autoimmune diseases Renal failure (overabundance of C3 in kidney)
45
Three pathways are activated by? (List) Results in formation of?
Alternative- pathogen Classical- antibody bound to pathogen Lectin- mannose on pathogen surface ALL C3 convertase
46
Consequences (3) are triggered by and final outcome?
Recruitment of inflammatory cells C3a, C5a Destruction of pathogen by inflammatory cells Opsonization of pathogen C3b Phagocytosis of pathogen Formation of membrane attack complex on pathogen surface C5-C9 Lysis of the pathogen

Animal Health And Disease (12 decks)

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