what are the features of graves disease?
exopthalmos
pretibial myedema
thyroid acropatchy
which hyperthyroid medicaiton should be used in pregnancy?
propylthiourcil
how does thyroidism affect blood count?
hyperthyroidism creates microcytic anaemia
hypothyroidism creates a macrocytic anaemia
what association links MEN1 and parathyroid?
parathyroid adenomas
what association links MENII and parathyroid?
parathyroid hyperplasia
what is the cause of Graves disease?
TSH receptor antibodies activate receptors-> causing damage over time to receptor
toxic multi nodular goitre looks like what o nuclear medicine?
hot spots due to hyperplasia
Sub acute thyroiditis / de quervains thyroiditis.. is caused by what?
inflammatory process
thyroid dumps thyroxine -> plasma levels rise
Sub acute thyroiditis / de quervains thyroiditis.. looks like what on scan?
totally cold
what are cold nodules or areas on scan a concern for?
malignancy
-> take sample of tissue
what is the most common form of thyroid malignancy?
papilliary
what is the least common form of thyroid malignancy?
lymphoma
what form of thyroid malignancy is asc with MEN ii?
medullary
what form of thyroid malignancy is most agressive?
anaplastic
how are people with MEN ii monitored for thyroid malignancy?
calcitonin levels
how is a thyroid crisis treated?
carbimazole / propylthiouricil
then
Iodine
propanolol for sx
what are the features of a thyroid crisis?
very high temp
severe tachycardia
agitation
what is the PPP of MEN I?
Pituitary -> adenoma
pituitary -> prolactin
pancreas -> gastrin secreting tumour
how do MEN 2a + MEn 2b differ relating to endocrinology?
both have medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytomas
parathyrooid hyperplasia in MEN 11a
vs
marfanoid / mucosal neruoma in MEN 11a
how is Pheochrmocytoma treated?
alpha block before beta block!
phenoxybenzamine -> propanolol
how is pheochromocytoma diagnosed?
urinary catecholamines
after pheochromocytoma, in which other condition is it necessary to give one medication before another?
2nd adrenal failure:
cortisol BEFORE thyroxine!
is raised CK asc with hypo or hypert thyroidism?
hypothyroidism
is raised ALP asc with hypo or hypert thyroidism?
hyper
