I & P Language Flashcards
Phonology
Organisation of sounds in a language.
Each language has its own phonemes
Semantics
Expressed meaning of words and sentences
Syntax
combination rules for meaningful sentences
Pragmatics
The rules about when to use language in a social context!
Stages of Language Acquisition
1) Prelinguistic (0-12 months)
2) Appreciation of meaning (8-12 months)
3) Telegraphic Speech (18-24 months)
4) Adding Complexity
5) Beginning of adult speech
Prelinguistic
0-12 months
Crying (first 4 weeks), Cooing (5 weeks onwards), babbling and sound repetition/echolalia (3-4 months)
Also learn vocalisation and when to talk
Appreciation of meaning
8-12 months
Associate words with objects
Telegraphic Speech
Begin to combine words
18 months word used as a substitute for object but often overextend the use of that word!
How is language acquired: 2 theories!
Skinner vs. Chomsky
Skinner
Language is learned
Imitation and progressive reinforcement! language is learnt through joint involvement episodes! Social and one-one sessions help improve vocabulary
Chomsky
Believes in a universal grammar - we share an inmate linguistic principle!
Children already know grammar, we don’t memorise it we simply begin to understand it
Critical Period Hypothesis
Lenneberg - shows children before the age of 12 can be bilingual with no accent and also can recover language after head injury before the age of 12 showing the language centre can migrate!
Deafness
Deaf children with deaf parents have same milestones to non-deaf with no language or cognitive delay
Deaf children with non-deaf parents have ‘home sing’ which have delays language/cognitive development
Areas involved in language
Broca’s area - speak a heard word
Wrenches area - speak a written word
Broca’s area
Speak a heard word
