I&P Memory

Question 1

3 Stages of Memory

Answer 1

1) Encoding - transformation of information into a neural pathway
2) Storage - retention
3) Retrieval

Question 2

Multi-store model of memory

Answer 2

Also known as working memory

Question 3

Serial position curve

Answer 3

Primacy effect
Recency effect!

Superior recall or words and objects that occur earlier and later in a list! Shows separation between long term memory and short term memory

Question 4

Echoic Memory (phonological)

Answer 4

Shows recency as the sound lingers. Audio information persists much longer than visual

Question 5

Iconic Memory (visual)

Answer 5

Has no recency effect and the image fades quickly

Question 6

Short term working memory

Answer 6

Limited capacity - only remember 7 +/-2 digits

Can use chunking to remember more!

Question 7

Counting backwards

Answer 7

No recency - due to displacement

No rehearsal hence no maintenance of memory

Question 8

How to improve primacy

Answer 8

If longer is given between words then allows the opportunity for rehearsal, allows maintenance and elaboration to link short term memories into long term memories!

Question 9

Types of long term memory recall

Answer 9

Episodic - autobiographical of events we were in
Semantic - knowledge
Procedural - a skill

Question 10

Encoding Long term memory

Answer 10

Add meaningful connections - elaborations and moments

Lucia - creates story to remember it!

Question 11

Luria

Answer 11

Creates a story to remember an equations for 15 years

Question 12

Eidetic Imagery

Answer 12

Photographic memory - memory as visual percepts even after you look away

Question 13

Synaesthesia

Answer 13

Crossing sensual modalities - multiple percept e.g. may remember a place as a certain taste!

Question 14

Method of loci

Answer 14

Visualising a journey hence making it easier to remember

Question 15

Hyperthymesia!

Answer 15

High superior autobiographical memory

Can create an irrepressible stream of memories –> impairs cognitive function!

Question 16

Context effect

Answer 16

we recall strategies better if they are in the same context

Question 17

Where do we get consolidation of information of long term info.

Answer 17

The Hippocampus

Question 18

Long term memory can be:

Answer 18

Explicit/Decarative - Episodic and semantic

Implicit (Procedural) - skills and classical conditioning

Question 19

Where is implicit long term information?

Answer 19

Basal ganglia and the cerebellum

Implicit information acquisition bypasses consciousness.