ICVA - Respiratory TC's

Question 1

List the etiologies of canine infectious tracheobronchitis aka Kennel Cough

Answer 1

1. Bordatella bronchiseptica
2. Canine adenovirus 2
3. Mycoplasma
4. Canine parainfluenza
5. Canine influenza H3N8, H3N2
6. +/- Canine distemper

Question 2

What Dx are performed if you suspect your canine patient has Infectious tracheobronchitis aka kennel cough?

Answer 2

1. Xrays - to rule out secondary pneumonia and/or other causes of cough/respiratory disease
2. Nasopharyngeal swabs - culture or PCR for Bordatella; Transtracheal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage

Question 3

What Dx are performed if you suspect your canine patient has canine influenza?

Answer 3

1. Xrays - to rule out secondary pneumonia and/or other causes of cough/respiratory disease
2. PCR - nasopharyngeal swabs
3. Serology

Question 4

List the causes of laryngeal paralysis

Answer 4

1. Congenital (rare)
2. Acquired - damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, myasthenia gravis, immune mediated polyneuropathy/myopathy

Question 5

What is the name of the Sx procedure used to tx laryngeal paralysis in dogs?

Answer 5

Unilateral arytenoid lateralization

Question 6

For canine laryngeal paralysis patients, generalized neurological signs commonly develop within?

Answer 6

1 yr of Dx

Question 7

Name the various canine lungworms

Answer 7

Oslerus osleri
Eucoleus aerophilus
Crenosoma vulpis

Question 8

How is Oslerus Osleri transmitted? Eucoleus aerophilus?

Answer 8

Oslerus osleri - transmitted from dam to pups when dam licks pups

Eucoleus aerophilus - ingesting contaminated food, water

Question 9

Where can oslerus osleri be found in an infected patient?

Answer 9

Trachea, large bronchi

Question 10

Where is Blastomycosis found?

Answer 10

Mississippi
Missouri
Ohio River Valley
Mid-Atlantic US
Outside US

Question 11

What dx testing is done for the following:
Coccidiomycosis
Cryptococcus
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis

Answer 11

Urine ANTIGEN testing - Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis

Serum ANTIBODY - Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcus

Question 12

List the forms of transmission for the following:

1. Coccidiomycosis
2. Cryptococcus
3. Blastomycosis
4. Histoplasmosis

Answer 12

1. Coccidiomycosis - soil
2. Cryptococcus - pigeon feces
3. Blastomycosis - soil
4. Histoplasmosis - bat, bird feces

Question 13

What is the cause of valley fever?

Answer 13

Cocciomycosis
Think California, Arizona

Question 14

What are the tx options for canine and feline fungal pneumonia?

Answer 14

1. Antifungal - Itraconazole, Terbinafine (monitor liver enzymes)
2. Amphotericin B (monitor kidney values b/c nephrotoxic)

Question 15

Where can paragonimus kellicoti be found?

Answer 15

Midwest, South, Great Lakes

Question 16

Where does the feline lungworm Anglostrongylus vasorum live?

Answer 16

At the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 17

What are the clinical signs seen in feline patients diagnosed with lungworm?

Answer 17

Usually asymptomatic
On occasion can have cough, sneezing, crackles and wheezes

Question 18

What feline breeds are at a greater risk of developing asthma?

Answer 18

Himalayans, Siamese

Question 19

What Dx do you run in a feline patient you suspect has asthma?

Answer 19

1. Bronchoalveolar lavage +/- cytology & culture - Mycoplasma
2. Heartworm Antigen/AB testing
3. Fecal Bearmann to r/o respiratory parasites

Question 20

FCV and FHV-1 share many of the same clinical signs. Name the C/S that are specific to these two disease processes in cats.

Answer 20

FCV:
1. Oral ulceration
2. Gingivitis, stomatitis

FHV-1:
1. +/- Dendritic ulcers

Question 21

FCV is what type of virus? DNA or RNA

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

FHV-1 is what type of virus - DNA, RNA?

Answer 22

Double stranded DNA virus

Question 23

How can you prevent FCV and FHV-1 infection?

Answer 23

Vaccinate with modified live vaccines @ 6-9 weeks of age, booster again every 3-4 weeks until reaches 16 weeks of age. Then annually!

Question 24

What is the go-to treatment for most nasal tumors?

Answer 24

Radiation!

Question 25

List the clinical signs of Nasopharyngeal polyps in felids

Answer 25

1. Voice change 2. Inspiratory stridor 3. Nasal DC 4. +/- vestibular signs 5. Sneezing

Question 26

List the two forms of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.

Answer 26

BRDC can be broken down into two "forms" - Enzootic pneumonia and Shipping Fever. Enzootic pneumonia is typically seen in thin, weaned DAIRY calves that are housed indoors. Shipping fever is typically seen in BEEF cattle that were recently weaned and shipped from home OR underwent a recently stressful procedure such as dehorning or castration

Question 27

List the etiologic agents of BRDC

Answer 27

Enzootic pneumonia: P. multocida, sometimes M. hemolytica or Mycoplasma bovis Shipping Fever: M. hemolytica, sometimes P. multocida or H. somni Viral causes: IBR, BVDV, PI3, BRSV

Question 28

What are the C/S and Etiologies of Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema aka Fog Fever

Answer 28

C/S: Pulmonary congestion + edema, emphysema Causes: Perilla mint, 4-ipomeanol from moldy sweet potatoes, Poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxide.

Question 29

IBR affects cattle of what age group?

Answer 29

Cattle 6mo and older

Question 30

What are the classic necropsy findings of cattle that suffered from Bovine Respiratory Syncyctial Virus?

Answer 30

Lungs fail to collapse when you open the thoracic cavity, pulmonary edema and interstitial pneumonia, emphysema

Question 31

List the routes of human infection for Bovine Tubceruclosis

Answer 31

1. Consuming raw or undercooked meat 2. Consuming unpasteurized milk 3. Inhalation of aerosolized agent 4. Bacterial contact with broken skin 5. Wildlife and soil are potential sources

Question 32

What is the difference in terms of C/S between severe equine asthma and mild to moderate equine asthma?

Answer 32

Severe - tachypnea at rest, flaring of nostrils, heave line, wheezing, coughing Mild to moderate - no tachypnea at rest, coughing, exercise intolerance,

Question 33

What are the classic clinical signs seen in an equine patient suffering from sinusitis?

Answer 33

Unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, typically malodorous Can be primary (rare) or secondary (most common) due to tooth root abscess, ethmoid hematoma, neoplasia, cyst

Question 34

What Dx can you run to dx an equine patient with sinusitis?

Answer 34

1. Xrays - sinus or tooth pathology 2. Upper airway endoscopy 3. Thorough dental exam

Question 35

What C/S are seen in equine patient with left laryngeal hemiplegia?

Answer 35

Unilateral >> bilateral 1. Inspiratory noise - roaring 2. Performance issues

Question 36

What C/S are seen in equine patient with ethmoidal hematoma?

Answer 36

Unilateral >> bilateral 1. Serosanguinous nasal discharge 2. Decrease airflow

Question 37

What C/S are seen in equine patient with guttoral pouch mycosis?

Answer 37

Unilateral >> Bilateral 1. Epistaxis 2. Massive hemorrhage in some cases 3. Neuro deficits - CN 9,10,11

Question 38

What C/S are seen in equine patients with Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate?

Answer 38

Chokes down towards end of race Expiratory noise during exercise, not always heard