ID quiz 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
King Kojong
Date: 1873
King Kojong was the last emperor of Choson and Son of Taewongun. Took over power in 1873 and was more willing to work with imperalist powers unlike his father. He declares himself the emperor of Korea in 1897 in which he disbanded the independence club over concerns of weakening royal power. In 1910 after Japan took control of Koreas sovereignty, he had less power but was allowed to keep his title.
Queen Min
Date: 1895 Killed
Queen Min was King Kojongs wife and queen of choson. She was very influential and supported reform efforts, however was opposed to chiense and japanese interference. In response to the chiense defeat in the sino-japanese war, she began reaching out to russia and as a result was murdered by Japanese agents in 1895. She remains a symbol of anti-japanese resistance in korea today.
Tonghak Rebellion
Date: 1894-95
The Tonghak Rebellion led by Chon Pong jun, fallen yangban, occured when persecuted tonghak believers rebelled against foreign influence, particularly japanese, and corrupt government officials. They also called for the abolition of social castes and equal redistribution of land. King Kojong called for china to supress the rebellion which leads to the sino-japanese war and eventually leads to China leaving Korea and recognizing it’s independence with japan merging as the dominant asian power.
Sino-Japanese war
Date: 1894-1895
King Kojong called for Chinese support to suppress the tonghak regbellion. This led to japan quickly dispatching their ships with soldiers to contest for influence in Korea. War breaks out between China and Japan on Korean Soil and Japan helps the Korean army and occupies the royal palace. The rebellion is stopped and Japan beats the Chiense which leads to the chinese recognizing koreas independence and leaving korea. This ends Chinese imperial order in asia nada japan emerges as teh dominant asian power. The Treaty of Shimonoseki ended th war and china paid japan millions of pounds of silver.
kabo reform
Date: 1894-1896
Cabinet of Korean reformers supported by japan begin reforms during and after the sino-japanese war. They ended sadae, restructured government by abolsihign slavery, allowing widow remarriage, abolishing civil service exams and economic integreation with japan. They also passed the top knot edict which meant the cutting of hair for men. This was very controversial and sparked massive protests and Yun chi ho a pro western korean wrote critizing koreans for getting mad at that but not at the murder of queen min.
independence club
Date: 1896
Founded by Philip Jaisohn who produced “the independent”, it was a group of korean nationalist leaders in charge of a nationalist organization. They published a billangual hangul/english newspaper and erected the independence gate to replace the receiving imperial grace gate. They encouraged the king to declare himself emperor leading to the creation of the korean empire. They promoted wider public debates on plicy, civic engagement and reform and called for a national assembly inspired by parliaments in europe and japanese diet. Concerns about erosion of royal power caused King Kojong to disband teh independence club.
minjok
Date: early 20th century
Minjok is a korean term that comes from japanese minozku which transates to nation, ethnic group or sometimes race. IT became used widely in early 20th century kokrea as korean nationalist stress need for pride in their ethinc identity. Shin Chae-ho was a big advocate of Minjok and linked tangun aas its origin and attempted to decenter itself from china nad focus on koreas unique ethnic identiy.
russo-japanese war
Date: 1904
Key sections of Russia trans=siberian railroad intersedts through manchuria and Japanese and Russian leaders see korea vital to their interests and causes tensions. The japanese launch a surprise attak on russian naval base of port arthur in 1904. Japan wins a decisive naval victory at tsushima and Japan wins. Teddy Roosevelt mediated trhe porstmouth peace treaty in 1905 and japans preeminnet power in korea is recognized. Japan gains russian railways and territorial concessions in souther manchuria.
colonial land survey
Date: 1910-1918
A survey of all the Korean land commissioned by the Japanese colonial government from 1910-1918. The survey strengthed the land rights for the elites (yangban) and solidified japanese land rights in choson as well. The surveys were used for measuring land tax, an importnat source of revenue. It took advantage of the lower class by requiring proof of ownership and gained support of the land owning yangban elites. They also gained highly accurate topographical maps of korea which were used by the Japanese for military purposes.
righteous armies
Date: 1905
Started in 1905, the righteous armies wera group of guerilla fighters who resisted japanese occupation in korea. Leaders included confucian leaders, yangban, hunters, ex-military members, and peasants and they focused their attackks on the country side. They were one of the last forces of resistance against japan and showed the lengths koreans were willing to go through to resist Japan.
march first movement
Date: March 1st: 1919
33 leaders promulgate the declaration of independence which was drafted by choe namson. The signers met in a restaurant and peacefully turn themselves into japanese authorities. Protests spread throughout the country and movement consisted of largely peaceful unarmed protests, with some turing violent against the japanese police. REsulted in the death of many Koreans and remains a symbol of resistance to foreign influence. Afterwards, the japanese shifted tactics to cultural rule making limited allowance for korean cultural autonomy while increasing surveillance.
yu kwan-sun
Date: (1902-1920)
Yu kwansun was born into a christian family and enrolled inewha haktang. she slipped out of class tojoin the crowd in pagoda park> She organized rallied in her home town where her parents were killeed and yu was arrested. Even while in prison she organized protests and was eventually tortured to death by japanese authorities. She is the most famous march first activist in south korea today and is often used to instill patriotism and inspire youth activism.
