id quiz 3 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Syngman Rhee
Date: 1948-1960
Rhee was the first elected ROK president.
He focused on politics/corruption, and his import substitution led to little economic growth in south korea.
$200m US aid to reward supporters.
1960, he declared martial law and suppressed april revolution which led to 186 deaths.
Kim Il-sung
Date: 1945
Kim Il-sung was the first leader of the DPRK. He gained his legitimacy through his victory against the japanese in pochonbo in 1937
He was installed as the leader of NK by SOviets in 1945. He ruled DPRK until his death by promoting JUCHE which meant economically and socially absolute loyalty to him.
Ch’ŏllima Movement
Date: 1956
The Chollima movement was a state sponsored movement in north korea to promote economic development after the Korean war. This movement encouraged rapid economic grwoth through selfless exertion and personal devotion to the state. Occured during the first five-year plan and was one of many reforms put forth by the DPRK.
Juche
Date : 1955
Juche means self relliance. It was first mentioned in 1955 by kim ilsung in his speech about the need for pride in korean history and identity which promoted a sort of extreme nationalism. This becomes NK official ideology and rejected all outside influences from entering north korea. This drives the country to remain separate from the rest of the world.
Chaebol
Date: 1963-1979
Chaebol were massive family-owned conglomerates taht worked in close cooperation with the Park regime. Park provided thesee companies with loans, contracts, tax advantages, blueprints for expansion. These conglomerates still exist and have a massive impact today. Some examples are hyundai, samsung. They play key role in developing new industries, markets and export proeuction in south korea.
April Revolution
Date: 1960
Mainly student left protest after massive election fraud by rhee in 1960.
Discovery of drowned student protester causes much greater protests and led to rhee declaring martial law and violently suppressing protests. This led to at least 186 people dying and rhee fleeing to hawaii.
Park Chung Hee
Date: 1963
Park Chung Hee was the third presdient of SK and led a coup in 1961 as military general called the may revolution. The goal was to end disorder, corruption, and rebuild economy. He was elected president in 1963. He was corrupt and worked with chaebol and targetedd political opponents through te kcia. He was a strong anticomunist and changed the structure of government from parliamentary system to presidental system. He was assasinated in 1979.
Chŏn T’ae-il
Date: 1970
Chon Taeil was a workers rights activist who protested horrible working conditions for textile laborers. In 1970 he burned himself to death while holdilng a copy of the labor laws. His death encouraged labor organizers and ddemocracy protesters and served as an inspiration for labor strikes by groups like the yh trading company.
Sŏngbun
Date: 1967
Songbun was a hereditary caste system enforced by teh state under Kim il sung in DPRK. There were three classes, the core, wavering, and hostile class, and made up the DPRK societal structure. Was based off of social political and economic background of ancestor and loytalty to the government. Eligility to join NK ruling party.l
Yusin Constitution
Date: 1972
A extreme authoritrian document Established SK 4th republic by Park as a korean style democracy which replaced the direct election of president with indirect election through national conference for unification. Made him self the president for life but was later assasinated for it in 1979.
New Village Movement
(1970)
- major rural revitalization and modernization movement to modernize countryside of SK
- focus on “spiritual” cultivation as well as basic living conditions, infrastructure development, and community income
- decreased rural poverty and women gained better place in economy
- sig ; improved infrastructure in rural SK , bringing modernized facilities such as irrigation systems, bridges and roads in rural communities
